Die Bedeutung bakterieller Virulenzfaktoren in natürlichen Biofilmen unterschiedlicher Reifungsstadien für die Immunreaktion gingivaler Epithelzellen
Final Report Abstract
Despite increasing knowledge with the advent of high-throughput sequencing, the role of the human oral microbiome in health and disease is poorly understood. Thus, this project aimed to provide a comprehensive study of natural complex oral biofilms during maturation. Using 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing we analyzed the phylogenetic diversity of multispecies biofilms originated from 32 healthy individuals over a period of 14 days. During this study bacterial compositions of biofilms were found to be relatively stable over the period of 14 days and therefore the time factor could be neglected. Findings strongly suggest - even in oral health and regardless of high inter-individual difference - the existence of various colonizer pools in subjects. These identified species clusters mutually exclude each other and differed in their relative abundances in corresponding subject clusters. On the basis of incorporated species we additional referred these clusters as “health-“ and “diseasedassociated”. We were further able to demonstrate that these identified bacterial clusters induce diverse innate immune responses in oral epithelial cells upon stimulation with equal biofilms during early stages of bacteria-host interactions. Besides, the data of this correlation analysis strongly indicated evidence for the capacity of oral epithelial cells to affect biofilm formation and/or composition. Community-wide transcriptome analysis revealed that altered community structures exhibited particular diverse metabolic activities, which argued for potentially stressed conditions. Moreover, the individual immune response of a host appears to be crucially involved in the modulation of the community structure as well as in its response to potential detrimental oral biofilms. In conclusion, the obtained results of the different analyses exhibited impressively the high impacts of diverse external factors that interact with the oral community. Therefore, to enhance the understanding of the role of the human oral microbiome in health and disease a global study design with higher numbers of subjects as well as a substantial medical history is necessary to increase further comprehensive insights.
Publications
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2013. Low-level inflammation in the prevalent oral disease gingivitis induces surrogate markers of atherosclerosis in young healthy individuals. An interventional study. PLoS One. 8(2): e55265
Eberhard, J., Grote, K., Luchtefeld, M., Heuer, W., Schuett, H., Divchev, D., Scherer, R., Schmitz-Streit, R., Langfeldt, D., Stumpp, N., Staufenbiel, I., Schiffer, B. and M. Stiesch
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2014. Composition of microbial oral biofilms during maturation in young healthy adults. PLoS One. 9 (2): e87449
Langfeldt, D., Neulinger, S.C., Heuer ,W., Staufenbiel, I., Künzel, S., Baines, J.F., Eberhard, J., and R.A. Schmitz
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2014. Health- and disease-associated species clusters in complex natural biofilms determine the innate immune response in oral epithelial cells during biofilm maturation. FEMS Microbiology Letters, Volume 360, Issue 2, 1 November 2014, Pages 137–143
Langfeldt, D., Neulinger, S.C., Stiesch, M., Stumpp, N., Bang, C., Schmitz, R.A., and J. Eberhard
