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Steroids in Reproduction: LC-MS-MS and GC (-MS) Based Steroidomics

Subject Area Animal Breeding, Animal Nutrition, Animal Husbandry
Term from 2010 to 2017
Project identifier Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) - Project number 152381467
 
Final Report Year 2017

Final Report Abstract

Steroid determination with highest reliability was a prerequisite for the realization of this research group. In contrast to immunoassays, analytical methods based on mass spectrometry (MS) currently present the most specific qualitative and quantitative methods for steroid determination. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) presents the analytical first line approach for the analysis of the intact conjugated steroid. Thus, during the first funding period, we laid a foundation by successfully developing a new LC-MS/MS based multi-targeted method for the simultaneous determination of six intact steroid sulfates (estrone sulfate, estradiol sulfate, 5-androstenediol sulfate, pregnenolone sulfate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, 16-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone sulfate) from various biological matrices. During the second funding period, we were able to further expand the capacity of the first method by further seven steroid sulfates (cholesterol sulfate, 17-hydroxy-pregnenolone sulfate, androsterone sulfate, epiandrosterone sulfate, testosterone sulfate, epitestosterone sulfate, dihydrotestosterone sulfate) thus achieving the hitherto most comprehensive method for characterizing the “sulfated steroidome” in biological samples. Regarding unconjugated steroids, multi-targeted methods for the simultaneous determination of estriol, estrone, estradiol, 17-hydroxy-pregnenolone, dehydroepiandrosterone, 16-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone, 4-androstenedione, testosterone, progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, 11-deoxycortisol, cortisol, androsterone, pregnenolone, androstanediol and dihydrotestosterone were developed for both LC-MS/MS and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). For these metabolites, due to its high specificity, GC-MS/MS proved advantageous as a first line research tool in characterizing steroid metabolomes in biological specimens. In a translational approach, we have successfully applied our method to study the sulfated steroidome in patients with steroid sulfatase deficiency (recessive X-linked ichthyosis). These patients are a good model to understand the biosynthesis of sulfated steroids and the physiological role of steroid sulfatase. Their steroid disease signature confirmed the coexistence of two steroidogenic pathways: one for unconjugated steroids and another one for sulfated steroids. Our method allowed for complete discrimination of patients from controls and currently presents the only tool of metabolic diagnosis of this condition. In a subsequent study, we could further demonstrate for the first time that patients with steroid sulfatase deficiency have high levels of oxysterol sulfates. Particularly 27-hydroxycholesterol-3-sulfate proved to be the main elevated compound presenting a novel diagnostic marker of this disease. Our group has acted with great success as central analytical platform for steroid metabolomics and has provided analytical service for all collaborators within the research group and even beyond. The gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry unit (GC-MS/MS) enabled further expansion of our methodological portfolio. This unique analytical instrumentation with the complementary capacities of LC-MS and GC-MS techniques proved indispensable for characterizing the steroid metabolome in wild-type and Slc10a6-(Soat)-knockout mice, as well as in the in vitro and in vivo metabolic experiments. The extremely positive reception of our results in the scientific community and the growing request for national and international collaborations let us gratefully conclude that the analytical achievements within this DFG research group have propelled our laboratory to the forefront of steroid analytics and steroid research worldwide.

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