Soil-plant-atmosphere interactions at the regional scale
Final Report Abstract
The overall goal of P2 was to improve our understanding of processes and fluxes in the soil-plantatmosphere system and to improve their description in the land surface model NOAHMP. The key scientific results and achievements of P2 are: 1) In cooperation with P1, P3 and P4, we acquired a unique 10-year dataset of comprehensive multi-site, multi-climatic region, multi-crop measurements in the soil-vegetation-atmosphere continuum of two agroecosystems of South-Western Germany. This dataset formed the basis for model development, calibration and testing in FOR 1695 and will also be very valuable for other researchers. 2) Our research on the nature of the energy balance gap of eddy covariance flux measurements revealed that a. highest energy balance ratios (EBR) were commonly measured when the wind came from the prevailing wind direction, associated with high wind speed, b. the spread of EBR distinctly narrowed and the energy balance closure (EBC) was highest under unstable atmospheric conditions, strong buoyancy, and high friction velocities c. smaller footprint areas led to better EBC, presumably due to increasing homogeneity, d. flow distortions of wind that first travelled past the back head of the anemometer affected EBC negatively, e. accounting for net photosynthesis and energy storage in the canopy considerably improved EBC, and that f. it is important to consider and communicate the uncertainty in eddy flux data originating from incomplete EBC. For this, we proposed to use the post-closure method uncertainty band (PUB). Ignoring this uncertainty may result in serious misinterpretations in model-data comparisons. 3) Inserting silage maize into the crop rotation at the study sites initiated a substantial decrease of soil carbon stocks threatening efforts in improving soil C sequestration. 4) In the two model regions the spatial and temporally variability of soil water content depends strongly on the soil water status of the region itself. The variability tends to be lowest in the wet and dry range whereas it tends to be highest in the transition zone. 5) We calibrated EXPERTN-GECROS for nine crops for use in BEMS and ILMS by P8. 6) We extended the land surface model NOAHMP by a dynamic crop model (GECROS), enabling simulating the development of crops in a weather-driven way. This is an important step towards a more sophisticated description of vegetation dynamics in weather and climate models. 7) In cooperation with the National Centre of Atmospheric Research of the United States this novel land surface model (NOAHMP-GECROS) was implemented into the new release of the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF 4.0), one of the world's leading weather and climate models.
Publications
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2013. Multiresponse, multiobjective calibration as a diagnostic tool to compare accuracy and structural limitations of five coupled soil-plant models and CLM3.5, Water Resour. Res. 49, 8200-8221
Wöhling, T., Gayler, S., Priesack, E., Ingwersen, J., Wizemann, H.-D., Högy, P., Cuntz, M., Attinger, S., Wulfmeyer, V., Streck, T.
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2014. Incorporating dynamic root growth enhances the performance of Noah-MP at two contrasting winter wheat field sites, Water Resour. Res. 50, 1337-1356
Gayler, S., Wöhling, T., Grzeschik, M., Ingwersen, J., Wizemann, H.-D., Warrach-Sagi, K., Högy, P., Attinger, S., Streck, T., Wulfmeyer, V.
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2015. Calibration and application of Aquaflex TDT soil water probes to measure the soil water dynamics of agricultural topsoil in Southwest Germany. J. Irrig. Drain. Eng. 141(6), 04014072
Poltoradnev, M., Ingwersen, J., Streck, T.
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2015. Determining the spatial and temporal dynamics of the green vegetation fraction of croplands using high-resolution RapidEye satellite images. Agric. For. Meteorol. 206, 113-123
mukova, K., Ingwersen, J., Streck, T.
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2015. On the use of the post-closure methods uncertainty band to evaluate the performance of land surface models against eddy covariance flux data. Biogeosciences 12, 2311-2326
Ingwersen, J., Imukova, K., Högy, P., Streck, T.
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2016. Energy balance closure on a winter wheat stand: comparing the eddy covariance technique with the soil water balance method. Biogeosciences 13, 63-75
Imukova, K., Ingwersen, J., Hevart, M., Streck, T.
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2016. Spatial and temporal variability of soil water content in two regions of Southwest Germany during a three-year observation period. Vadose Zone J. 15(6), pp 14
Poltoradnev, M., Ingwersen, J., Streck, T.
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2018. Coupling the land surface model Noah-MP with the generic crop growth model Gecros: Model description, calibration and validation. Agric. For. Meteorol. 262, 322-339
Ingwersen, J., Högy, P., Wizemann, H.-D., Warrach-Sagi, K., Streck, T.
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2018. How well does Noah-MP simulate the regional mean and spatial variability of topsoil water content in two agricultural landscapes in southwest Germany? J. Hydrometeorol. 19, 555-573
Poltoradnev, M., Ingwersen, J., Imukova, K., Högy, P., Wizemann, H.-D., Streck, T.
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2018. Improving the energy balance closure over a winter wheat field by accounting for minor storage terms. Agric. For. Meteorol. 264, 283-296
Eshonkulov, R., Poyda, A., Ingwersen, J., Pulatov, A., Streck, T.
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2019. Carbon fluxes and budgets of intensive crop rotations in two regional climates of southwest Germany. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 276, 31-46
Poyda, A., Wizemann, H.-D., Ingwersen, J., Eshonkulov, R., Högy, P., Demyan, M. S., Kremer, P., Wulfmeyer, V., Streck, T.
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2019. Evaluating multi-year, multi-site data on the energy balance closure of eddy-covariance flux measurements at cropland sites in southwest Germany. Biogeosciences 16, 521–540
Eshonkulov, R., Poyda, A., Ingwersen, J., Wizemann, H.-D., Weber, T.K.D., Kremer, P., Högy, P., Pulatov, A., Streck, T.
