EXC 153:  Origin and Structure of the Universe - The Cluster of Excellence for Fundamental Physics

• Subject Area: Particles, Nuclei and Fields ; Astrophysics and Astronomy
• Term: from 2006 to 2018
• Project identifier: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) - Project number 24799710

• Final Report Year: 2020

Final Report Abstract

Where did our Universe come from? What is it made of? What drives its evolution? How did its fundamental building blocks, galaxies, stars and planets form? Which processes generated the elements out of which we are made? An understanding of these fundamental questions requires a synthesis of very different research fields, from nuclear- and particle physics to astrophysics and cosmology. Within the Cluster of excellence “Origin and Structure of the Universe”, founded in 2006, more than 70 local research groups embarked on a concerted effort to explore the origin and structure of the Universe. Munich/Garching, with its two universities, four MPIs and ESO, represents an ideal location for such a project, unique in Europe and matched in quality, breadth and productivity by very few sites worldwide. UNIVERSE gathered researchers from different disciplines to jointly solve some of the most profound and fascinating puzzles in science. It created new sustained structures (MIAPP, C2PAP), attracted ten new professors, initiated outstanding scientific infrastructure, started new cooperations and enhanced international visibility. Using a seed money scheme, numerous developments were initiated, resulting in novel research projects now being pursued within the ORIGINS cluster (e.g. MADMAX axion search experiment, particle physics with nanosatellites, extended sensitivity of EDM experiments, highest resolution cosmic structure simulation). UNIVERSE substantially enhanced cooperation among all participating institutions through overarching research projects, including data science, computer science and public outreach. MIAPP bridged across institutions and fields and acted as doorway for international cooperations. Cluster scientists obtained major new scientific results and designed major new technical developments. They developed a new understanding of supernova explosions and stellar nucleosynthesis, based on new insights in neutrino physics, discovered a new young galaxy population, observed violent processes in the Galactic center and demonstrated the importance of central black holes for galaxy evolution. New insights for particle physics were obtained by the start-up of the LHC with the discovery of the Higgs particle and constraints of parameters for supersymmetry. The first observations of 7Be neutrinos from the Sun were just as exciting as new limits from direct Dark Matter searches using CRESST. Joining particle- and astrophysicists from IceCube and ESO, first hints on the origin of high energy cosmic neutrinos were found. New joint scientific collaborations among Cluster scientists were launched, e.g. in nuclear astrophysics and theory, in particular connecting data analysis and theoretical modelling, often directed by different research institutions. This cooperation also spurred a very broad program for public outreach with a dedicated new exhibition in the Deutsches Museum as a highlight.

Publications

• IceCube observation of a high-energy neutrino candidate event. GCN circular #21916
  IceCube Collaboration (Kopper, C., and Erik Blaufuss, E.
  
• Parametric Strong Gravitational Lensing Analysis of Abell 168. MNRAS 372, 1425 (2006)
  Halkola, A., Seitz, S., Pannella, M.
  
• Direct measurement of the 7Be solar neutrino flux with 192 days of Borexino data. PRL 101, 091302 (2008)
  Borexino collab.
  
• The influence of chemical composition on the properties of Cepheid stars. II. The iron content. A&A 488,731 (2008)
  Romaniello, M., Primas, F., et int, Lancey, C. D.
  
• Vector inflation. JCAP 0806, 009 (2008)
  A. Golovnev, V. Mukhanov, V. Vanchurin
  
• Commissioning run of the CRESST-II Dark Matter search. Astroparticle Physics 31, 270 (2009)
  CRESST collaboration (G. Angloher et al.)
  
• Decaying Dark Matter and the PAMELA anomaly. JCAP 2, 21 (2009)
  A. Ibarra, D. Tran
  
• Delayed neutrino-driven supernova explosions aided by the standing accretion-shock instability. ApJ 694, 664 (2009)
  A. Marek, H.-T. Janka
  
• Determination of the strong coupling s from hadronic event shapes with O( 3(s)) and resummed QCD predictions using JADE data. Eur. Phys. J. C64, 351 (2009)
  JADE Collaboration (S. Bethke et al.)
  
• Discrete sources as the origin of the Galactic X-ray ridge emission. Nature 458, 1142 (2009)
  M. Revnivtsev et al.
  
• Minor mergers and the size evolution of elliptical galaxies. ApJL 699, 178 (2009)
  T. Naab, P. H. Johansson, J. P. Ostriker
  
• New measurement of the 60Fe half-life. PRL 103, 072502 (2009)
  G. Rugel et al.
  
• Proton-driven plasma-wakefield acceleration. Nature Phys. 5, 363 (2009)
  A. Caldwell, K. Lotov, A. Pukhov, F. Simon
  
• Rare K and B decays in a warped extra dimension with custodial protection. JHEP 0903, 108 (2009)
  M. Blanke, A. J. Buras, B. Duling, K. Gemmler, S. Gori
  
• Substructures in hydrodynamical cluster simulations. MNRAS 399, 497 (2009)
  Dolag, K., Borgani, S., Murante, G., Springel, V.
  
• The String Hunter's Companion. Nucl. Phys. B808, 139 (2009)
  D. Lüst, S. Stieberger, T. Taylor
  
• Update of D3/D7-brane inflation on K3 xT2. Nucl. Phys. B806, 103 (2009)
  M. Haack, R. Kallosh, A. Krause, A. Linde, D. Lüst
  
• A correlation between central supermassive black holes and the globular cluster systems of early-type galaxies. ApJ 720, 516 (2010)
  A. Burkert, S. Tremaine
  
• Black holes and large N species solution to the hierarchy problem. Fortsch. Phys. 58, 528 (2010)
  G. Dvali
  
• Galaxy clusters selected with the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect from 2008 South Pole Telescope Observations. ApJ 722, 1180 (2010)
  Vanderlinde, K., Crawford, T. M., de Haan, T., Dudley, J. P., et al.
  
• Measurement of CP asymmetries in B0 ® K0 p0 decays. PRD 81, 011101 (2010)
  Belle Collaboration (M. Fujikawa, et al.)
  
• Observation of a JPC= 1-+ exotic resonance in diffractive dissociation of 190 GeV p- into p+p-p-. Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 241803 (2010)
  COMPASS collab. (Alekseev et al.)
  
• Sub-luminous type Ia supernovae from the mergers of equal-mass white dwarfs with mass ~0.9 solar masses. Nature 463, 61 (2010)
  R. Pakmor et al.
  
• T-duality and closed string non-commutative (doubled) geometry. JHEP 1010, 084 (2010)
  D. Lüst
  
• The Galactic Center massive black hole and nuclear star cluster. Rev. Mod. Physics 82, 3121 (2010)
  Genzel, R., Eisenhauer, F., Gillessen, S.
  
• (2011) Limits on the production of the standard model Higgs boson in pp collisions at s√=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector. Eur. Phys. J. C 71 1728
  ATLAS Collaboration (G. Aad et al.)
  
• Beta-decay half-lives of very neutron-rich Kr to Tc isotopes on the boundary of the r-process path: An indication of fast r-matter flow. PRL 106, 052502 (2011)
  S. Nishimura et al.
  
• Light Dark Matter in the singlet-extended MSSM. Phys. Lett. B695, 169 (2011)
  R. Kappl, M. Ratz, M. W. Winkler
  
• Measurement of the top quark-pair production cross section with ATLAS in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV. Eur. Phys. J. C71, 1577 (2011)
  ATLAS Collaboration (G. Aad et al.)
  
• Realisation of a gravity-resonance-spectroscopy technique. Nature Physics 7, 468 (2011)
  T. Jenke, P. Geltenbort, H. Lemmel, H. Abele
  
• Search for supersymmetry using final states with one lepton, jets, and missing transverse momentum with the ATLAS detector in √s = 7 TeV pp collisions.PRL 106, 131802 (2011)
  ATLAS Collaboration (G. Aad et al.)
  
• Seven-year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Cosmological Interpretation. ApJS 192, 18 (2011)
  Komatsu, E., Smith, K.M., et int, Wright, E. L.
  
• The Supersymmetric Higgs sector and B-Bbar mixing for large tan. PRD 84, 034030 (2011)
  M. Gorbahn, S. Jager, U. Nierste, S. Trine
  
• A gas cloud on its way to the supermassive black hole to the galactic center. Nature 481, 51 (2012)
  Gillessen, S., Genzel, R., et int, Ott, T.
  
• Dark matter annihilations into two light fermions and one gauge boson: General analysis and antiproton constraints. JCAP 1204, 033 (2012)
  Garny, M., Ibarra, A., Vogl, S.
  
• Physics of the Galactic Center Cloud G2, on Its Way toward the Supermassive Black Hole. ApJ, 750, 58 (2012)
  Burkert, A., Schartmann, M., A- lig., C.
  
• Black hole's quantum n-portrait. Fortsch. Phys. 61, 742 (2013)
  Dvali, G., Gomez, C.
  
• Measurement of the strong coupling S from the three-jet rate in e+e- - annihilation using JADE data. Eur. Phys. J. C73 (2013) no.3, 2332
  Schieck, J.
  
• Non-relativistic pair annihilation of nearly mass degenerate neutralinos and charginos I. General framework and S-wave annihilation. JHEP 1303, 148 (2013
  Beneke, M., Hellmann, C., Ruiz-Femenia, P.
  
• Phibss: Molecular Gas Content and Scaling Relations in z ~ 1-3 Massive, Main-sequence Star-forming Galaxies. ApJ 768, 74 (2013)
  Tacconi, L., Neri, R., Genzel, R., et int, Weiner, B.
  
• Rise and fall of radio haloes in simulated merging galaxy clusters. MNRAS 429, 3564 (2013)
  Donnert, J., Dolag, K., Brunetti, G., Cassano, R.
  
• Top quark mass measurements at and above threshold at CLIC. Eur. Phys. J. C73, 2530 (2013)
  Seidel, K., Simon, F., Tesar, M., Poss, S.
  
• Are both BL Lacs and pulsar wind nebulae the astrophysical counterparts of IceCube neutrino events? MNRAS 443, 474 (2014)
  Padovani, P., and Resconi, E.
  
• Cosmology with Mimetic Matter. JCAP 1406, 017 (2014)
  Chamseddine, A., Mukhanov, V., Vikman, A.
  
• Fastlim: a fast LHC limit calculator. Eur. Phys. J. C74, 3163 (2014)
  Papucci, M., Sakurai, K., Weiler, A., Zeuneet, L.
  
• High-Precision Predictions for the Light CP-Even Higgs Boson Mass of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model. Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 (2014) 141801
  T. Hahn, S. Heinemeyer, W. Hollik, H. Rzehak and G. Weiglein
  
• Observation of High-Energy Astrophysics Neutrinos in Three Years of IceCube Data. Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 101101 (2014)
  IceCube Collaboration
  
• Properties of galaxies reproduced by a hydrodynamic simulation. Nature 509, 177 (2014)
  Vogelsberger, M., Genel, S., et int, Hernquist, L.
  
• Search for Majorana neutrinos with the first two years of EXO-200 data. Nature 510, 229 (2014)
  J.B. Albert et al.
  
• Search for Majorana neutrinos with the first two years of EXO-200 data. Nature 510, 229 (2014)
  EXO-200 Collaboration (Albert, J. B., et al.)
  
• The automated computation of tree-level and nextto-leading order differential cross sections, and their matching to parton shower simulations. JHEP 1407, 079 (2014)
  Alwall, J., Frederix, R., et int, Zaro, M.
  
• Weak lensing analysis of SZ-selected clusters of galaxies from the SPT and Planck surveys. MNRAS 442, 1507 (2014)
  Grün, D., Seitz, S., Brimioulle, F., et int.
  
• A very luminous magnetar-powered supernova associated with an ultra-long gamma-ray burst. Nature 523, 189 (2015)
  Greiner, J., Mazzali, P. A., et int, Varela, K.
  
• Comprehensive nucleosynthesis analysis for ejecta of compact binary mergers. MNRAS, 448, 541 (2015)
  Just, O., Bauswein, A., Pulpillo, R.A., Goriely, S., and Janka, H.-T.
  
• Connecting Angular Momentum and Galactic Dynamics: The Complex Interplay between Spin, Mass, and Morphology. ApJ 812, 29 (2015)
  Teklu, A., Remus, R.-S., Dolag, K., et int.
  
• Measurement of the branching ratio of ¯B→D(*)τ−¯ντ relative to ¯B→D(*)ℓ−¯νℓ decays with hadronic tagging at Belle. Phys. Rev. D92 (2015) no.7, 072014
  Belle Collaboration
  
• Next-to-Next-to-Next-to-Leading Order QCD Prediction for the Top Antitop S-Wave Pair Production Cross Section Near Threshold in e+e-Annihilation. Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 192001 (2015)
  Beneke, M., Kiyo,Y., et int, Steinhauser, M.
  
• Observation of a New Narrow Axial-Vector Meson a1(1420). Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 8, 082001 (2015)
  COMPASS collab. (Adolph, C., R. Akhunzyanov, R., et int, Zink, A.)
  
• The link between disc dispersal by photoevaporation and the semimajor axis distribution of exoplanets. MNRAS 450, 3008 (2015)
  Ercolano, B., Rosotti, G.
  
• A new search for the atomic EDM of Xe-129 at FRM-II. Hyperfine Interact. 237, no.1, 95 (2016)
  Kuchler, F., Babcock, E., Burghoff, M., et int.
  
• Anisotropic Flow of Charged Particles in Pb-Pb Collisions at √ s N N = 5.02 TeV. Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 132302 (2016)
  ALICE Collaboration (Adam, J., et al.)
  
• Cosmological Constraints from Galaxy Clusters in the 2500 square-degree SPT-SZ Survey. ApJ 832, 95 (2016)
  SPT Collaboration (de Haan, T., et al.)
  
• Gravitational Black Hole Hair from Event Horizon Supertranslations. JHEP 1606, 088 (2016)
  Averin, A., Dvali, G., Gomez, C., Lüst, D.
  
• Halo mass function: baryon impact, fitting formulae, and implications for cluster cosmology. MNRAS, 456, 2361 (2016)
  Bocquet, S., Saro, A., et int, Mohr, J. J.
  
• Leptogenesis from Oscillations of Heavy Neutrinos with Large Mixing Angles. JHEP, 1612, 150 (2016)
  Drewes, M., Garbrecht, B., Gueter, D., Klaric, J.
  
• Limits to Dark Matter annihilation cross-section from a combined analysis of MAGIC and Fermi-LAT observations of dwarf satellite galaxies. JCAP 1602, 039 (2016)
  MAGIC and Fermi-LAT Collaborations (Ahnen, M. L., et al.)
  
• Next generation cosmology: constraints from the Euclid galaxy cluster survey. MNRAS 459, 1764 (2016)
  Sartoris, B., Biviano, A., et int, Viana, P. T. P.
  
• Physics of Core-Collapse Supernovae in Three Dimensions: A Sneak Preview. Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 66, 341 (2016)
  Janka, H.-Th., Melson, T., Summa, A.
  
• Planck 2015 results. XXIV. Cosmology from Sunyaev-Zeldovich cluster counts. A&A 594, A24 (2016)
  Planck Collaboration (Ade, P. A. R., et al.)
  
• Quantum Chromodynamics” appeared in "Review of Particle Physics. Chin. Phys. C40 (2016) no.10, 100001
  Bethke, S., Dissertori, G, Salam, G.P.
  
• Recent developments in bimetric theory. J. Phys. A49,183001 (2016)
  Schmidt-May, A., von Strauss, M.
  
• Results on light Dark Matter particles with a lowthreshold CRESST-II detector. Eur. Phys. J. C76, 25 (2016)
  CRESST Collaboration (Angloher, G., et al.)
  
• The First Detections of the Key Prebiotic Molecule PO in Star-forming Regions. ApJ 826, 161 (2016)
  Rivilla, V. M., Fontani, F., et int, Cesaroni, R.
  
• The SILCC (SImulating the LifeCycle of molecular Clouds) project - II. Dynamical evolution of the supernova-driven ISM and the launching of outflows. MNRAS 456, 3432 (2016)
  Girichidis, P., Walch, S., et int, Baczynski, C.
  
• A Large Ungated TPC with GEM Amplification. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A869, 180-204 (2017)
  Berger, M., Ball, M., Fabbietti, L., et int
  
• A web portal for hydrodynamical, cosmological simulations. Astronomy & Computing, 20, 52 (2017)
  Ragagnin, A., Dolag, K., Biffi, V, et int
  
• Antideuterons in cosmic rays: sources and discovery potential. JCAP 1702, 018 (2017)
  Herms, J., Ibarra, A., Vittino, A., Wild, S.
  
• Background free search for neutrinoless double beta decay with GERDA Phase II. Nature 544, 47 (2017)
  Gerda Collaboration (Agostini, M., et al.)
  
• Charged Composite Scalar Dark Matter. JHEP 1711, 094 (2017)
  Balkin, R., Ruhdorfer, M., Salvioni, E., Weiler, A.
  
• Chemodynamical modelling of the galactic bulge and bar. MNRAS 470, 1233 (2017)
  Portail, M., Wegg, C., Gerhard, O., Ness, M.
  
• Connecting blazars with ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays and astrophyiscal neutrinos. MNRAS 468, 597 (2017)
  Resconi, E.,Coenders, S.,Padovani,P.,Giommi,P.,Caccianiga, L.
  
• Dielectric Haloscopes: A New Way to Detect Axion Dark Matter. Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, no.9, 091801 (2017)
  MADMAX Working Group (Caldwell, A., et int)
  
• Enhanced production of multi-strange hadrons in high-multiplicity proton-proton collisions. Nature Physics 13, 535 (2017)
  ALICE Collaboration (Adam, J, et al.)
  
• First light for GRAVITY: Phase referencing optical interferometry for the Very Large Telescope Interferometer. A&A 602, 94 (2017)
  Gravity Collaboration (Abuter, R., et al.)
  
• First-time detection of VHE gamma rays MAGIC from a direction consistent with the recent EHE neutrino event IceCube-170922A. ATel #10817
  MAGIC Collaboration (Mirzoyan, R., et al.)
  
• H0LiCOW - V. New COSMOGRAIL time delays of HE 0435-1223: H0 to 3.8 per cent precision from strong lensing in a flat ΛCDM model. MNRAS 465, 4914 (2017)
  Bonvin, V., Courbin, F., et int, Spinello, C.
  
• LMC Blue Supergiant Stars and the Calibration of the Flux-weighted Gravity-Luminosity Relationship. AJ 154, 102 (2017)
  Urbaneja, M. A., Kudritzki, R.-P., et int, Przbylla, N.
  
• Measurement of the lepton polarization and R(D∗) in the decay B¯→D∗. Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 211801 (2017)
  Belle collaboration
  
• Neutron-star radius constraints from GW170817 and future detections. ApJL 850, L34 (2017)
  Bauswein, A., Just, O., Janka, H.- Th., Stergioulas, N.
  
• Search for annihilating Dark Matter in the Sun with 3 years of IceCube data. Eur. Phys. J. C77, 146 (2017)
  IceCube Collaboration (Aartsen, M. et al.)
  
• Search for Neutrinos from Dark matter Self-Annihilations in the Center of the Milky Way with 3 years of IceCube/DeepCore. Eur. Phys. J. C77, 627 (2017)
  IceCube Collaboration (Aartsen, M. G., et al.)
  
• Stellar Absorption Line Analysis of Local Star-forming Galaxies: The Relation between Stellar Mass, Metallicity, Dust Attenuation, and Star Formation Rate. MNRAS 470, 1233 (2017)
  Zahid, H. J., Kudritzki, R.-P., Conroy, C., Andrews, B., Ho, I.
  
• Strongly baryon-dominated disk galaxies at the peak of galaxy formation ten billion years ago. Nature 543, 397 (2017)
  Genzel, R., Förster Schreiber, N. M., et int, Wilman, D.
  
• Strongly baryon-dominated disk galaxies at the peak of galaxy formation ten billion years ago. Nature 543, 397 (2017)
  Genzel, R., Förster, N., et int, Wilman, D.
  
• The clustering of galaxies in the completed SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: Cosmological implications of the configuration-space clustering wedges. MNRAS 464, 1640 (2017)
  Sanchez, A., Scoccimarro, R., et int, Zhao, G.
  
• Top-quark mass measurement in the all-hadronic top anti-top decay channel at sqrt{s}=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector. JHEP 1709, 118 (2017)
  ATLAS collaboration (Aaboud, M. et al.)
  
• Weak-lensing mass calibration of redMaPPer galaxy clusters in Dark Energy Survey Science Verification data. MNRAS 469, 4899 (2017)
  Melchior, P., Grün, D., McClintock, T., et int
  
• ν-cleus experiment: A gram-scale fiducial-volume cryogenic detector for the first detection of coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering. Eur. Phys. J. C77, 506 (2017)
  Strauss, R., Rothe, J., et int, Stodolsky, L.
  
• Search for Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay with the Upgraded EXO-200 Detector. Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 072701 (2018)
  Albert, J.B., Anton, G., et int, Ziegler, T.
  
• Electric dipole moments of atoms, molecules, nuclei, and particles. Rev.Mod.Phys. 91 (2019) no.1, 015001
  T. Chupp, P. Fierlinger, M. Ramsey-Musolf, J. Singh