Russeting in Apple: Molecular Basis, Mechanism and Consequences
Final Report Abstract
The results obtained during the extension of the project are summarized as follows: Detached fruit are not as responsive as attached fruit in vivo in russeting. There is less suberization and lower expression of periderm related genes (except MYB42) in detached fruit as compared to attached fruit – probably due to a lack of growth of detached fruit which prevents a gaping of microcracks. - Anoxic conditions suppress the expression of genes involved in periderm formation in detached and wounded apples. This is consistent with histological studies by microscopy. - Sealing a skin patch after wounding is an alternate approach to study the effect of O2 on periderm formation without the need to detach the fruit. The effect of sealing is consistent with histological studies. - The histological data obtained in apple on periderm formation after wounding in presence and absence of oxygen were confirmed for detached, off-season Microtom tomato. There was some periderm formation when tomato fruit were wounded and sealed. - In contrast to apples, detached tomato fruit behave similar to the attached ones regarding induced wound healing/suberization. - The anoxic condition suppresses completely the wound healing/suberization in the treated side of the detached tomato fruit at 8 d. - Sealing the wounded tomato fruit skin patch reduces water loss and cell death, but does not suppress formation of a periderm. - Overexpression lines for six candidate genes have been generated in Arabidopsis wild type Col-0 as well as in mutant lines for each of the Arabidopsis orthologs. - Overexpression of MdMYB67 in N. benthamiana does not lead to the induction of selected suberin related genes although seedlings of Arabidopsis MYB67 knock out mutants display differences in suberin accumulation. - Hairy roots putatively overexpressing four candidate genes were induced.
Publications
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Russeting partially restores apple skin permeability to water vapour. Planta, 249(3), 849-860.
Khanal, Bishnu P.; Ikigu, Godfrey M. & Knoche, Moritz
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Russeting in Apple is Initiated after Exposure to Moisture Ends: Molecular and Biochemical Evidence. Plants, 10(1), 65.
Straube, Jannis; Chen, Yun-Hao; Khanal, Bishnu P.; Shumbusho, Alain; Zeisler-Diehl, Viktoria; Suresh, Kiran; Schreiber, Lukas; Knoche, Moritz & Debener, Thomas
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Russeting in Apple Is Initiated After Exposure to Moisture Ends—I. Histological Evidence. Plants, 9(10), 1293.
Chen, Yun-Hao; Straube, Jannis; Khanal, Bishnu P.; Knoche, Moritz & Debener, Thomas
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Surface moisture increases microcracking and water vapour permeance of apple fruit skin. Plant Biology, 23(1), 74-82.
Khanal, B. P.; Imoro, Y.; Chen, Y. H.; Straube, J. & Knoche, M.
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Apple fruit periderms (russeting) induced by wounding or by moisture have the same histologies, chemistries and gene expressions. PLOS ONE, 17(9), e0274733.
Chen, Yun-Hao; Straube, Jannis; Khanal, Bishnu P.; Zeisler-Diehl, Viktoria; Suresh, Kiran; Schreiber, Lukas; Debener, Thomas & Knoche, Moritz
