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Tension-compression asymmetry of Fe-Ni-Co-Al-X (X= Nb, Ti, Nb-Ti) shape memory alloys – Impact of nanocrystalline precipitates on functional properties

Subject Area Metallurgical, Thermal and Thermomechanical Treatment of Materials
Term from 2019 to 2022
Project identifier Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) - Project number 405372848
 
Final Report Year 2024

Final Report Abstract

Shape memory alloys (SMA) based on iron (Fe-based), in particular the alloy Fe-Ni-Co-Al-X (X= Ta, Ti, Nb, Ti-Nb), show great potential in terms of functional properties while being costefficient. Ni-Ti, representative of a conventional alloy system, is more expensive in terms of the cost of the individual alloying elements and processing. This makes Fe-based SMA attractive for many industrial applications. In most studies, the effects of tensile-compressive asymmetry and orientation dependence were investigated in quasi-static tests. A few studies investigated the effects of γ'-precipitation on the functional properties and functional fatigue in the Fe-Ni-Co-Al-Ta system. The overall aim of this project was to gain a comprehensive understanding of the heat treatment parameters that influence the properties of these Febased SMAs. The functional properties of Fe-based SMAs can be determined by critical precipitation parameters. Therefore, the focus was on the identification of promising heat treatment strategies to adjust the precipitation parameters in order to improve the functional performance in the Fe-Ni-Co-Al-X (X= Ta, Ti, Nb, Ti-Nb) alloy system. The aim was to develop a new family of precipitates that exhibit a core-shell character, i.e. they show a chemical gradient between the core and the shell of a precipitate. In a first step, the effects of different heat treatments to introduce finely divided precipitates and the resulting martensitic transformation were investigated. In the second step, the most promising precipitation parameters of the alloy system were derived and adapted to the Fe-Ni-Co-Al-Ti-Nb system. A two-stage precipitation matrix with different temperature levels and exposure times was used to promote precipitation with a core-shell structure, since the diffusion coefficients of Nb and Ti are different. The driving force of Gibbs free energy for the martensitic transformation is influenced by a systematic variation of the precipitation properties, the surrounding stress fields and the local chemistry of both the precipitates and the matrix. The aim of this approach was to evaluate how the functional properties can be tailored by adjusting the precipitates.

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