Fehlendes Abschalten von der Arbeit, Affekt und Wohlbefinden: Untersuchung der zugrundeliegenden Prozesse
Zusammenfassung der Projektergebnisse
The project aimed at identifying processes that link lack of detachment from work during leisure time to subsequent affective states and well-being. Differentiating between lack of detachment from negative events and lack of detachment from positive events, we examined both short-term processes unfolding during one day in a daily-survey study (Study 1) and longer-term processes unfolding over several months in a longitudinal study with six measurement points (Study 2). Study 1 (N = 243 employees) tested the role of job-related cognitions as mediators between lack of detachment from work after the end of the workday and next morning positive and negative affect. Multi-level path analysis showed that lack of detachment from negative work events predicted backward-oriented negative rumination and forward-oriented solution seeking and lack of detachment from positive work events mainly predicted backwardoriented positive rumination and forward-oriented goal development. In turn, only backwardoriented negative rumination predicted next-day affect. The associations between lack of detachment from negative events and negatively-toned cognitions were stronger for persons high on neuroticism, whereas the associations between lack of detachment from positive events and positively-toned cognitions were stronger for persons high on extraversion. Study 2 (N = 772 employees) examined job-related cognitions during leisure time, along with several depleting (poor sleep quality, compensatory effort, surface acting) and energizing processes (self-efficacy, exercising job control, eliciting social support) as mediators between lack of detachment from work and subsequent exhaustion and work engagement. Structural equation modeling did not provide convincing evidence for job-related cognitions during leisure time as between-person mediators between lack of detachment from work and subsequent exhaustion or work engagement. Analyses suggested that poor sleep quality, compensatory effort, surface acting link lack of detachment from negative events at work to an increase in exhaustion over time, and that low compensatory effort and low surface acting link lack of detachment from positive events at work to a decrease in exhaustion over time. Overall, the studies demonstrated that it is crucial to differentiate between lack of detachment from negative versus positive events. Whereas at the day level, backward-oriented negative rumination is the core mechanism that accounts for the association between lack of detachment from negative events to next-day negative affect, over longer periods of time (i.e., several months) specific job-related cognitions cannot explain why lack of detachment from work during leisure time is related to change in exhaustion or work engagement over time. Over such longer periods of time, particularly depleting processes (during sleep and at work) seem to play an important role.
Projektbezogene Publikationen (Auswahl)
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Sleep has many faces: The interplay of sleep and work in predicting employees’ energetic state over the course of the day.. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 28(1), 52-63.
Wiegelmann, Monika; Völker, Jette & Sonnentag, Sabine
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Not detaching from work during leisure time: A control‐theory perspective on job‐related cognitions. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 45(7), 1003-1024.
Sonnentag, Sabine & Wiegelmann, Monika
