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Targeting CXCR4 to suppress virus-induced activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells

Subject Area Immunology
Virology
Term from 2018 to 2022
Project identifier Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) - Project number 409751703
 
Final Report Year 2023

Final Report Abstract

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a type of immune cell that play a crucial role in our immune response. These cells are specialized in producing high levels of interferons in response to viral infections. Interferons activate other immune cells and prevent viral replication. We found that a key regulator of pDCs function is the chemokine receptor CXCR4 and demonstrate that natural monoamines and polyamines, such as spermine and spermidine, inhibit viral activation of pDCs through CXCR4 engagement. Computational modeling allowed to elucidate the molecular interactions of spermine with CXCR4. CXCR4 is also used by HIV-1 to infect cells and in fact, we found that spermine inhibits CXCR4- (X4) but not CCR5 (R5)-tropic viruses. Spermine is highly abundant in human semen, which may explain why only R5-using viruses are transmitted by sexual intercourse because spermine may act as gate-keeper of X4 viruses. In agreement with high concentrations of spermine in semen, we also found that seminal plasma potently inhibits virus-induced activation of innate immune cells, which may further drive transmission of R5 viruses. Thus, our research provided novel insights into the transmission of HIV-1 through sexual contact and offers new prospects for therapy of interferonopathies caused by pDCs by targeting CXCR4 with amines or related molecules.

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