Untersuchungen zur Korrosionskontrolle und zu Niedertemperaturelektrolyten für eine kostengünstige Na-basierte Flüssigmetallbatterie
Energieverfahrenstechnik
Zusammenfassung der Projektergebnisse
Liquid metal batteries (LMBs) are characterized by an easy scalability and long life, which makes them particularly suitable for large-scale energy storage to stabilise the power grids for the expansion of volatile renewable energies. In this research project, sodium (Na) was investigated as potential negative electrode material, which brings economic and environmental advantages over other LMBs using, for instance, lithium. New challenges related with the higher operating temperature of Na-based LMBs include a potentially high self-discharge of the cell and corrosion issues of its solid components, which may degrade the cell performance and limit its service life. These challenges were tackled during the course of the project and significant progress in battery performance through appropriate selection of materials and cell design was achieved. Prototype Na-LMB cells based on an optimized selection of materials and cell design achieved excellent battery performance. An Ah-scale Na-LMB test cell with LiCl-NaCl-KCl electrolyte and SbBi9 positive electrode ran over 700 cycles at 450 °C and showed a Coulombic efficiency of >97%, an energy efficiency of about 80%, an active material utilization of about 80%, and an estimated lifetime of >15 000 cycles. The calculation based on a 1 MW/5 MWh demo energy storage plant indicates that the estimated Levelized Cost of Storage (LCOS) of the Na-LMB is lower than 0.029 $/kWh, close to that of hydro pumped storage. The acquired know-how on material compatibility will help to improve durability, design, and scaling of this kind of LMB cells. Moreover, the know-how attained for both material compatibility and the purification of molten salts and liquid metals can also be used in other areas where these media are used as heat transfer fluids, thermal energy storage media or electrolytes. The applications here are diverse and include, for example, areas such as nuclear technology, solar thermal power plants, Carnot batteries, the electrification of process heat, and high-temperature electrochemical plating and extraction of metals.
Projektbezogene Publikationen (Auswahl)
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Molten Halogen Salts as Low- Temperature Electrolytes in Na-Based Liquid Metal Batteries for Low-Cost Grid-Scale Electricity Storage. In: proceedings & abstracts Book of 30th Assembly of AMC. 30th Assembly of Advanced Materials Congress (AMC), 31.10. - 04.11.2019, Singapore (oral presentation)
Wenjin Ding, Qing Gong, Alexander Bonk & Thomas Bauer
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Molten Salt Technology for Large-Scale Energy Storage. In: 11th Global Chinese Chemical Engineering Symposium. 11th Global Chinese Chemical Engineering Symposium (GCCES-11), 02-05.08.2019, Chengdu, China (Invited presentation)
Wenjin Ding & Thomas Bauer
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Molten iodide salt electrolyte for low-temperature low-cost sodium-based liquid metal battery. Journal of Power Sources, 475, 228674.
Gong, Qing; Ding, Wenjin; Bonk, Alexander; Li, Haomiao; Wang, Kangli; Jianu, Adrian; Weisenburger, Alfons; Bund, Andreas & Bauer, Thomas
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Corrosion investigations of materials in antimony-tin and antimony-bismuth alloys for liquid metal batteries, 150th TMA Annual Meeting and Exhibition, TMS 2021, Online (oral presentation).
Tinaru Zhang, Annette Heinzel, Adrian Jianu, Alfons Weisenburger & Georg Müller
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Corrosion Investigations of Materials in Antimony–Tin and Antimony–Bismuth Alloys for Liquid Metal Batteries. The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 605-614. Springer International Publishing.
Zhang, Tianru; Heinzel, Annette; Jianu, Adrian; Weisenburger, Alfons & Müller, Georg
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A sodium liquid metal battery based on the multi-cationic electrolyte for grid energy storage. Energy Storage Materials, 50, 572-579.
Zhou, Hao; Li, Haomiao; Gong, Qing; Yan, Shuai; Zhou, Xianbo; Liang, Shengzhi; Ding, Wenjin; He, Yaling; Jiang, Kai & Wang, Kangli
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Multi-Cationic Molten Salt Electrolyte of Low-Temperature Sodium Liquid Metal Battery for Grid Storage. SSRN Electronic Journal.
Ding, Wenjin; Gong, Qing; Liang, Shengzhi; Hoffmann, Ralf; Zhou, Hao; Li, Haomiao; Wang, Kangli; Zhang, Tianru; Weisenburger, Alfons; Müller, Georg & Bonk, Alexander
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Research Progress of Molten Halide Salt Electrolytes in Low-Temperature Sodium Liquid Metal Batteries. 28th EUCHEMSIL, Jun. 5-10.06.2022, Patras, Greece (oral presentation).
Wenjin Ding, Qing Gong, Haomiao Li, Kangli Wang & Thomas Bauer
