Novel Planar Slow-Wave Structures for High-Power Broadband Millimeter and THz-band Traveling-Wave Tubes
Final Report Abstract
Miniaturization and availability of vacuum electron devices is crucial in millimeter-wave applications, such as radar, wireless and satellite communication. Today vacuum technologies are cost intensive and limited in their manufacturing processes for higher market volumes. It is necessary explore new fabrication methods for vacuum electronic devices that operate over 100 GHz. The key driver for the exploration is the slow-wave structure (SWS) fabrication. The traditional SWS is difficult to manufacture due to its 3D character, its demands for micron precision at millimeter-waves for all three dimensions and at the same time geometrical dimensions of several centimeters. On the other hand, 2D planar SWS structures can be realized by photolithographic techniques, which solve the manufacturing limitations at the expense of high losses, narrow bandwidth and limited performance of the vacuum device. The objective of this proposal is to explore novel 2D structures, which could overcome the above limitations and pave the way towards efficient SWS manufacturing and travelling-wave tube realization at millimeter-wave frequencies. We propose to improve the state-of-the-art of traveling-wave tubes, based on 2D SWS, both in terms of fabrication complexity and in terms of performances. In particular, this project aims to provide a novel solution for a high power TWT amplifier, operating around 220 GHz with more than 10 GHz bandwidth. This amplifier involves studies on novel 2D planar SWS as an alternative to the narrow bandwidth Meander lines studied earlier, considering both single and multilayer substrates. Photolithographic techniques enable reliable fabrication of such SWS with high precision and repeatability at a fraction of the manufacturing costs. Theoretical and simulation studies have been performed on these SWS structures with the aim of band-width and coupling impedance optimization. Experimental characterization of these structures has been validated through simulations. The success of the project is based on a strong collaboration and synergy between the two groups. The two groups use complementary design approaches and different electromagnetic simulators. They exchanged the results and design models of the studied architectures and systematically evaluated the structures for their performance capabilities. The two groups have fabricated the SWS devices using different fabrication approaches. In particular, GUF has been in charge of the fabrication of single and multilayer SWS structures with standard optical lithography, while Saratov team was investigating SWS devices through laser machining. The project resulted in a number of publications in international refereed journals and international conferences specialized in the topic (e.g. IVEC).
Publications
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Fabrication and measurements of a planar slow wave structure operating in V-band. 2019 International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC), 1-2. IEEE.
Ulisse, Giacomo; Starodubov, Andrey; Galushka, Viktor; Krozer, Viktor; Serdobintsev, Alexey; Samarskiy, Mikhail; Ryskin, Nikita & Pavlov, Anton
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Microfabrication and Study of Planar Slow-Wave Structures for LowVoltage V-band and W-band Vacuum Tubes. 2019 44th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz), 1-2. IEEE.
Starodubov, Andrey; Ryskin, Nikita; Rozhnev, Andrey; Pavlov, Anton; Serdobintsev, Alexey; Torgashov, Roman; Galushka, Victor; Kozhevnikov, Ilya; Bahteev, Igor; Ulisse, Giacomo & Krozer, Viktor
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Development of a millimeter-band traveling-wave tube with a meander-line microstrip slow wave structure. Fourth International Conference on Terahertz and Microwave Radiation: Generation, Detection, and Applications, 56. SPIE.
Ryskin, Nikita M.; Starodubov, Andrey V.; Torgashov, Roman A.; Rozhnev, Andrey G.; Pavlov, Anton M.; Galushka, Viktor V.; Serdobintsev, Alexey A.; Kozhevnikov, Ilya O.; Ulisse, Giacomo & Krozer, Viktor
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Development of Miniaturized Traveling-Wave Tubes With Planar Microstrip Slow-Wave Structures on Dielectric Substrates. 2020 33rd International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference (IVNC), 1-2. IEEE.
Rvskin, N.M.; Torgashov, Roman A.; Torgashov, G. V.; Rozhnev, Andrey G.; Starodubov, Andrey V.; Serdobintsev, Alexey A.; Pavlov, Anton M.; Galushka, Viktor V.; Burtsev, A.A.; Navrotskiy, I. A.; Ulisse, Giacomo & Krozer, Viktor
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Studies on Millimeter-band Low-Voltage Traveling-Wave Tubes with Planar Meander-Line Slow-Wave Structures. 2020 IEEE 21st International Conference on Vacuum Electronics (IVEC), 325-326. IEEE.
Starodubov, Andrei; Pavlov, Anton; Galushka, Viktor; Serdobintsev, Alexey; Kozhevnikov, Ilya; Bessonov, Dmitry; Torgashov, Roman; Rozhnev, Andrey; Ryskin, Nikita; Molchanov, Sergei; Bakhteev, Igor; Ulisse, Giacomo & Krozer, Viktor
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3D printing of a metallic helix for traveling wave tube amplifiers operating in millimeter wave range. 2021 46th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz), 1-2. IEEE.
Ulisse, Giacomo; Schurch, Patrik; Koelmans, Wabe W. & Krozer, Viktor
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Design of a TWT Collector Integrable on the same Substrate of a Planar Slow Wave Structure. 2021 22nd International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC), 1-2. IEEE.
Ulisse, Giacomo; Krozer, Viktor; Torgashov, Roman A. & Ryskin, Nikita M.
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Development of a Low-Voltage Millimeter-Band Traveling-Wave Tube With a Planar Microstrip Slow-Wave Structure on Dielectric Substrate. 2021 22nd International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC), 1-2. IEEE.
Torgashov, Roman A.; Starodubov, Andrey V.; Rozhnev, Andrey G.; Ryskin, Nikita M.; Galushka, Viktor V.; Serdobintsev, Alexey A.; Pavlov, Anton M.; Ulisse, Giacomo & Krozer, Viktor
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Development of microfabricated planar slow-wave structures on dielectric substrates for miniaturized millimeter-band traveling-wave tubes. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B, Nanotechnology and Microelectronics: Materials, Processing, Measurement, and Phenomena, 39(1).
Ryskin, Nikita M.; Torgashov, Roman A.; Starodubov, Andrey V.; Rozhnev, Andrey G.; Serdobintsev, Alexey A.; Pavlov, Anton M.; Galushka, Viktor V.; Bessonov, Dmitry A.; Ulisse, Giacomo & Krozer, Viktor
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Magnetron co-sputtered μm-thick Mo–Cu films as structural material with low heat extension for key parts of high-power millimeter-band vacuum microelectronic devices. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B, 40(1).
Starodubov, Andrey V.; Serdobintsev, Alexey A.; Galushka, Viktor V.; Kozhevnikov, Ilya O.; Pavlov, Anton M.; Ulisse, Giacomo; Krozer, Viktor & Ryskin, Nikita M.
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Magnetron Sputtering Formation of Molybdenum-Copper Alloys for Fabrication of Millimeter-Band Planar Slow Wave Structures. 2021 34th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference (IVNC), 1-2. IEEE.
Starodubov, A. V.; Nozhkin, D. A.; Serdobintsev, A. A.; Kozhevnikov, I. O.; Pavlov, A. M.; Galushka, V. V.; Ryskin, N. M.; Ulisse, G. & Krozer, V.
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Studies on a Microfabricated Traveling-Wave Tube With Planar Microstrip Slow-Wave Structure. 2021 46th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz), 1-2. IEEE.
Ryskin, Nikita M.; Starodubov, Andrey V.; Torgashov, Roman A.; Pavlov, Anton M.; Kozhevnikov, Ilya O.; Serdobintsev, Alexey A.; Rozhnev, Andrey G.; Ulisse, Giacomo & Krozer, Viktor
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A 3-D Printed Helix for Traveling-Wave Tubes. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, 69(11), 6358-6361.
Ulisse, Giacomo.; Schurch, Patrik Hepp, Edgar; Koelmans, Wabe W.; Doerner, Ralf & Krozer, Viktor
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Planar Helix Slow Wave Structure for K-Band Traveling Wave Tube. 2022 23rd International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC), 330-332. IEEE.
Ulisse, Giacomo.; Krozer, Viktor; Torgashov, Roman A. & Ryskin, Nikita M.
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Diamond Substrate Planar Slow-Wave Structures for Millimeter Wave Traveling Wave Tubes. 2023 24th International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC), 1-2. IEEE.
Ulisse, Giacomo & Krozer, Viktor
