ULTRAfast exploration and control of electron bunch dynamics in SYNChrotron light sources

• Applicant: Professorin Dr. Anke-Susanne Müller
• Subject Area: Nuclear and Elementary Particle Physics, Quantum Mechanics, Relativity, Fields
• Term: from 2019 to 2023
• Project identifier: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) - Project number 431704792

• Final Report Year: 2024

Final Report Abstract

Synchrotron radiation facilities are unique sources of intense and continuous radiation ranging from the THz, VUV to the X-ray spectral domain. In the quest for extreme properties in terms of brilliance, short pulses, and high peak power required for many experiments, the bunch charge density has to be driven ever higher. These high densities lead to complex nonlinear and dynamic phenomena. In particular, the interaction between the electrons and the light field emitted by them has dramatic consequences such as bunch deformations, dynamical instabilities, and spontaneous formation of microstructures. These microstructures emit synchrotron radiation in the THz range coherently, and thus several orders of magnitude more intensely than normal bunches, which makes it extremely interesting for various scientific experiments. However, this coherent emission is normally very short-lived as these microstructures collapse due to the self-interaction after a few turns (microbunching instability). The goal of this project is to observe, understand and finally control this instability to achieve a new sort of extremely intense source of THz radiation for science. The project required to develop laser-based single-shot THz waveform recorders, or “Terahertz oscilloscopes”, with unprecedented performances. Required THz bandwidth and acquisition rates necessitated a novel conceptual approach, that we coined Diversity Electro- Optical Sampling (DEOS), a new version of the so-called KALYPSO camera (with an much increased sensitivity and a gating function), and totally new designs of the so-called “timestretch” THz recorders with unprecedented performance/cost ratio. Ultrafast measurements also required specific accelerator installations, in particular, a new in-vacuum electro-optic system for probing the near-field of electron bunches at KARA, a special corrugated structure for the manipulation of the electron bunch wakefield at KARA, and a new “ULTRASYNC beamline branch” at the AILES THz beamline of SOLEIL. Success in controlling microbunching instabilities (and THz emission) at SOLEIL and KARA implied to solve multiple bottlenecks, including intensive computing, the development of cutting-edge feedback algorithms (relying in particular on machine learning, and on the chaos control concept). This also required the development of specific electronics for applying real-time feedback on the (MegaVolt-range) accelerating fields at KARA. Within this project we showed first successful control of the microbunching instability using advanced fast feedback methods leading to a steady emission of intense coherent synchrotron radiation in the THz range. These proof-of-principle experiments were implemented and successfully realized both at the SOLEIL and the KARA synchrotrons paving the path towards widespread use of such methods in electron storage rings worldwide, establishing a new class of light source. During the project several new collaborations were started, in particular with HZDR, CERN, DESY, and the TWAC EIC project, on direct applications of the ultrafast measurements systems developed in the framework of ULTRASYNC. The results from this project have been published in relevant journals, some with high impact (including a Nature: Light Science & Applications). They also have been systematically presented at large international conferences, such as the International Particle Accelerator Conference (IPAC), the International Beam Instrumentation Conference (IBIC) and the Future Terahertz Technologies conference (FTT). Some more recent results are still in preparation for publication. As the subject of this project was fundamental science, there have been no patents resulting from this work.

Publications

• Demonstration of time-stretch Electrooptical sampling, with phase-diversity at the Radiation Source ELBE, ARD ST3 Annual meeting (2021)
  C. Hanoun, S. Bielawski, C. Szwaj, E. Roussel, P. Evtushenko, C. Schneider, A. Ryhzhov & S. Kovalev
  
• Impedance Studies of a Corrugated Pipe for KARA. Proc. 12th Int. Particle Acc. Conf. 2021
  S. Maier, M. Brosi, A. Mochihashi, M. J. Nasse, M. Schwarz & A.-S. Müller
  
• Measuring femtosecond bunches using electro-optical techniques, Workshop on Nanobeam Technologies, CERN, February 2021
  S. Bielawski
  
• Single-shot electro-optic sampling of THz waveforms using chirped laser pulses, SPIE conference, San Diego, August 2021
  S. Bielawski
  
• Ultra-Fast Line-Camera KALYPSO for fs- Laser-Based Electron Beam Diagnostics, Proc. Int. Beam Instrum. Conf. 2021
  M. Patil, M. Caselle, E. Bründermann, G. Niehues, A. Ebersoldt, M.J. Nasse, M. Reißig, A. Kopmann, J.L. Steinmann, S. Funkner, C. Widmann, T. Dritschler, S. Chilingarayan, M. Weber & A.-S. Müller
  
• Design Considerations of the Corrugated Structures in a Vacuum Chamber for Impedance Studies at KARA. Proc. 11th Int. Beam Instrum. Conf. 2022
  S. Maier, M. Brosi, H. J. Cha, A. Mochihashi, M. J. Nasse, P. Schreiber, M. Schwarz & A.-S. Müller,
  
• Phase Diversity Electro-optic Sampling: A new approach to single-shot terahertz waveform recording. Light: Science & Applications, 11(1).
  Roussel, Eléonore; Szwaj, Christophe; Evain, Clément; Steffen, Bernd; Gerth, Christopher; Jalali, Bahram & Bielawski, Serge
  
• Recent longitudinal diagnostics studies at PhLAM, 11th workshop on longitudinal diagnostics, Lille, France, 2022
  Serge Bielawski, Quentin Demazeux, Clément Evain, Christelle Hanoun, Fahem Kaoudoune, Eléonore Roussel & Christophe Szwaj
  
• Recording terahertz pulses and their spectra in single-shot at the ELBE facility, by associating the photonic time-stretch and DEOS techniques, Annual DPG meeting (2022)
  C. Hanoun, S. Bielawski, C. Szwaj, E. Roussel, P. Evtushenko, C. Schneider, A. Ryhzhov & S. Kovalev
  
• Seeded free-electron laser driven by a compact laser plasma accelerator. Nature Photonics, 17(2), 150-156.
  Labat, Marie; Cabadağ, Jurjen Couperus; Ghaith, Amin; Irman, Arie; Berlioux, Anthony; Berteaud, Philippe; Blache, Frédéric; Bock, Stefan; Bouvet, François; Briquez, Fabien; Chang, Yen-Yu; Corde, Sébastien; Debus, Alexander; De Oliveira, Carlos; Duval, Jean-Pierre; Dietrich, Yannick; El Ajjouri, Moussa; Eisenmann, Christoph; Gautier, Julien ... & Couprie, Marie-Emmanuelle
  
• Simulation of the Effect of Corrugated Structures on the Longitudinal Beam Dynamics at KARA. Proc. 13th Int. Particle Acc. Conf. 2022
  S. Maier, M. Brosi, A. Mochihashi, M. J. Nasse, P. Schreiber, M. Schwarz & A.-S. Müller
  
• Simulations of the Micro-Bunching Instability for SOLEIL and KARA Using Two Different VFP Solver Codes. Proc. 13th Int. Particle Acc. Conf. 2022
  M. Brosi, P. Schreiber & A.-S. Müller
  
• Single-Shot Electro-Optic Detection of Bunch Shapes and THz Pulses: Fundamental Temporal Resolution Limitations and Cures Using the DEOS Strategy, International Beam Instrumentation Conference (IBIC), Krakov, Poland, 2022
  Eléonore Roussel, Christophe Szwaj, Clément Evain, Serge Bielawski, Bernd Steffen, Christopher Gerth & Bahram Jalali
  
• Single-shot THz detection of synchrotron radiation, The third international symposium on Frontiers in Terahertz Technology, FTT, Fukui, 2022
  S. Bielawski
  
• Terabit sampling system with photonic time-stretch analog-to-digital converter. Real-time Measurements, Rogue Phenomena, and Single-Shot Applications VII, 9. SPIE.
  Caselle, Michele; Bielawski, Serge; Manzhura, Olena; Chilingaryan, Suren; Dritschler, Timo; Ebersoldt, Andreas; Kopmann, Andreas; Nasse, Michael J.; Patil, Meghana; Bründermann, Erik; Roussel, Eléonore; Szwaj, Christophe & Mueller, Anke-Susanne
  
• The DEOS reconstruction algorithm for chirped pulse electro-optic detection: theoretical backgroud and practical implementation, International Beam Instrumentation Conference (IBIC), Krakov, Poland, 2022
  Eléonore Roussel, Christophe Szwaj, Clément Evain, Serge Bielawski, Bernd Steffen, Christopher Gerth & Bahram Jalali
  
• Advanced Diagnostic Detectors for Rogue Phenomena, Single-Shot Applications, SPIE Photonics West conference, San Francisco, 2023
  M. Caselle, S. Bielawski, S. Chilingaryan, M. Czwalinna, T. Dritschler, A. Kopmann, E. Kunakovskaya, O. Manzhura, S. Funkner, G. Niehues, M. Patil, E. Roussel, A. Santamaria Garcia, L. Scomparin, B. Steffen, J. L. Steinmann, C. Szwaj, E. Brundermann, A.S. Muller, A. Ulusoy, M. Weber & S. Frank
  
• Diversity Enhanced Electro-Optical Sampling at European XFEL, International Beam Instrumentation Conference, Saskatoon, Canada, 2023
  Bernd Steffen, M. K. Czwalinna, S. Bielawski, Q. Demazeux, E. Roussel, C. Evain & Ch. Szwaj
  
• First Two-Bunch Measurements Using the Electro-Optical near-Field Monitor at KARA. Proc. 14th Int. Particle Acc. Conf. 2023
  M. Reissig, E. Bründermann, S. Funkner, B. Haerer, A. Mochihashi, G. Niehues, M. Patil, M. Schuh, J. Steinmann & A.-S. Müller
  
• Recording series of coherent THz pulse shapes with up to 88 MHz repetition rate at SOLEIL, using photonic time-stretch, International Beam Instrumentation Conference, Saskatoon, Canada, 2023
  E. Roussel, C. Evain, M. Le Parquier, C. Szwaj, S. Bielawski, L. Manceron, J.-B. Brubach, M.-A. Tordeux, J.-P. Ricaud, L. Cassinari, M. Labat & P. Roy
  
• Recording THz pulse shapes at tens of MHz repetition rate using photonic time-stretch, at Synchrotron SOLEIL, IRMMW-THz conference, Montreal, Canada, 2023
  S. Bielawski, J.-L. Brubach, S. Bernd, C. Evain, C. Gerth, M. Le Parquier, B. Jalali , M. Labat, L. Manceron, E. Roussel, P. Roy, M.-A. Tordeux & C. Szwaj
  
• Simulation studies on longitudinal beam dynamics manipulated by corrugated structures under different bunch length conditions at KARA. Proc. 14th Int. Particle Acc. Conf. 2023
  S. Maier, M. Brosi, H. J. Cha, A. Mochihashi, M. J. Nasse, P. Schreiber, M. Schwarz & A.-S. Müller
  
• Single-shot recording of complex THz pulses with high bandwidth, using time-stretch and Diversity Electro-Optic Sampling, SPIE Photonics West conference, San Francisco, 2023
  C. Hanoun, S. Bielawski, C. Szwaj, E. Roussel, P. Evtushenko, C. Schneider, A. Ryhzhov & S. Kovalev
  
• Single-shot spectrometers and real-time THz digitizers, using diversity electro-optic sampling (DEOS), IRMMW-THz conference, Montreal, Canada, 2023
  Eléonore Roussel, Christophe Szwaj, Clément Evain, Bernd Steffen, Christopher Gerth, Marie Kristin Czwalinna, Bahram Jalali & Serge Bielawski
  
• Single-shot Time-Domain Spectrometers and THz digitizers using Diversity, Electro-Optic Sampling (DEOS) - principles and limitations, SPIE Photonics West conference, San Francisco, 2023
  Eléonore Roussel, Christophe Szwaj, Clément Evain,, Bernd Steffen, Christopher Gerth, Bahram Jalali & Serge Bielawski
  
• Stabilization of the bunch position during the control of the microbunching instability in storage rings. Physical Review Accelerators and Beams, 26(9).
  Evain, C.; Kaoudoune, F.; Roussel, E.; Szwaj, C.; Tordeux, M.-A.; Ribeiro, F.; Labat, M.; Hubert, N.; Brubach, J.-B.; Roy, P. & Bielawski, S.
  
• Ultrafast measurements in accelerators based sources, Journées accélérateur de la SFP, Roscoff, 2023
  Q. Demazeux, C. Szwaj, E. Roussel, S. Bielawski & B. Steffen
  
• Gain Switching of the Microbunching Instability to Produce Giant Bursts of Terahertz Coherent Synchrotron Radiation. Physical Review Letters, 133(14).
  Evain, C.; Roussel, E.; Bielawski, S.; Tordeux, M.-A.; Ribeiro, F.; Labat, M.; Hubert, N.; Brubach, J.-B.; Roy, P. & Szwaj, C.