Project Details
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Tolerance and Intolerance in Arabic Modernity. A Philosophical Perspective

Subject Area Practical Philosophy
Term from 2020 to 2023
Project identifier Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) - Project number 433214420
 
Final Report Year 2024

Final Report Abstract

The core of my project is the philosophic analysis of the debate around tolerance and intolerance in the framework of the Arabic modernity between the 1860s and the 1940s. The phase from the 1950s until today could only be covered partially. Both questions on tolerance and intolerance are not only current and highly controversial, but they demand a global debate and solution. It has a global dimension since the debate takes place in Islamic dominated regions, like Egypt, Syria, Tunisia, the Lebanon or India, as well as North- and Latin America (Syrian and Lebanese diaspora) or in the exile in Paris or New York. This public discourse is led controversially by very different authors (philosophers, reformists and writers) with different philosophical and religious backgrounds. The global dimension is surely one between Arabic speaking authors but this inner Arabic debate is in a constant dispute with the concepts of the European modernity. With the result, in the shape of translations and the creations of new terms, of a transfer of knowledge between both debates and therefore includes more regions than the Arabic world. As much important as the Arabic modernity is as an epoch of knowledge transfer, critical revision of tradition, pluralism of religions, the reinvention of terms and renewal of strategies in the argumentation for the philosophy as whole – it is does not attract attention in the current scientific debate inside the philosophy. While the Islamic studies focus strongly on the status of non-Muslims inside Muslim dominated societies, the central aspect of this project is the secular understanding of the concept tolerance. Remarkable is, that the concept intolerance, in his contrary and partly even positive connoted meaning in some of the Arabic texts, attracts great interest. These appreciation is accompanied by a „pathology of intolerance“, which has to be understood as a time and cultural diagnose and as a critique of fanaticism, in the opinion of other authors. My various publications address this research desideratum and analyse the debate on tolerance and intolerance from a philological-hermeneutical, historical and normative perspective. While research in Islamic studies mainly focuses on the status of non-Muslims within a Muslim society, my research findings show how secular and humanist concepts of tolerance emerged in Arab modernity and what forms of development they took. In addition to peer-reviewed articles in English, German and French, I was able to (in collaboration with Anke von Kügelgen) publish a two-volume, commented, annotated and introduced anthology entitled "Konzepte von Toleranz und Intoleranz in der arabischen Moderne". I am also in the process of compiling a monograph on this topic.

Publications

 
 

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