Combustion Noise and Dynamics of partially premixed flames
Energy Process Engineering
Fluid Mechanics
Final Report Abstract
Thermoacoustic combustion instabilities remain a significant challenge for the development of reliable, low-emission gas turbines. Predicting these self-excited instabilities requires thorough understanding of the interactions between unsteady heat release rate, acoustics, flow and mixture perturbations as well as entropy waves. The aim of the transfer project was to enhance the comprehension of flame dynamics and thermoacoustic interactions in technically relevant configurations, particularly partially premixed combustors. To this end, experimental postprocessing techniques based on acoustic measurements and low-order network models were developed to enable a consistent prediction of flame dynamics, high-fidelity simulations with subsequent system identification were performed to predict the flame and entropy response, and an analytical framework was proposed to explain the underlying physics of entropy wave generation. NoiSI project work demonstrated that the state-of-the-art post-processing approach for determining the flame dynamics from microphone measurement data is invalid when applied to test rigs with complex features, such as acoustic cross-communication bypassing the flame or area contraction at the combustor outlet. To address this limitation, a novel method has been developed that integrates reactive transfer matrix measurements of the entire combustor with a low-order network model of the rest rig. The Rolls-Royce scaled acoustic rig for low-emission technology (SCARLET), operated under realistic engine conditions, was used to demonstrate the capabilities of this physics-based method. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that acoustic wave propagation in large eddy simulation (LES) is not relevant for the system identification (SI) of the dynamics of velocity sensitive, acoustically compact, premixed flames. Specifically, the flame response, described in terms of the flame transfer function (FTF), can be accurately predicted without explicitly modeling the acoustic-flame interaction, i.e., by utilizing incompressible LES. This approach exhibits several advantages over its compressible counterpart, particularly in terms of the identification procedure and computational requirements. This paper settled a long-standing dispute in the research community! In addition, the evaluation of the entropy transfer function (ETF) at various positions within the combustion chamber sheds light on the convective dispersion of entropy waves, revealing significant amplitudes at the combustor exit. By separating the entropy responses to equivalence ratio and velocity fluctuations utilizing multiple-input, single-output (MISO) identification, the dominance of equivalence ratio fluctuations in this process was found, which aligns with the existing literature. It is demonstrated that entropy waves can even be generated in fully premixed combustors, specifically through wall heat losses resulting from unsteady heat transfer, but surprisingly also through the differential diffusion of hydrogen. To further investigate the generation of entropy waves, a consistent derivation of its analytical terms based on an arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) framework was proposed.
Publications
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Generation of Entropy Waves by Fully Premixed Flames in a Non-Adiabatic Combustor With Hydrogen Enrichment. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 145(11).
Eder, Alexander J.; Dharmaputra, Bayu; Désor, Marcel; Silva, Camilo F.; Garcia, Alex M.; Schuermans, Bruno; Noiray, Nicolas & Polifke, Wolfgang
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Generation of Entropy Waves by Fully Premixed Flames in a Non-Adiabatic Combustor With Hydrogen Enrichment. Volume 3B: Combustion, Fuels, and Emissions. American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
Eder, Alexander J.; Dharmaputra, Bayu; Désor, Marcel; Silva, Camilo F.; Garcia, Alex M.; Schuermans, Bruno; Noiray, Nicolas & Polifke, Wolfgang
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Identification of the dynamics of a turbulent spray flame at high pressure, in Symposium on Thermoacoustics in Combustion, Zurich, Switzerland, 2023
A. J. Eder, A. Fischer, C. Lahiri, M. Merk, M. Staufer, R. Eggels, C. F. Silva & W. Polifke
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Incompressible versus compressible large eddy simulation for the identification of premixed flame dynamics. International Journal of Spray and Combustion Dynamics, 15(1), 16-32.
Eder, Alexander J.; Silva, Camilo F.; Haeringer, Matthias; Kuhlmann, Johannes & Polifke, Wolfgang
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Influence of wall-to-wall radiative heat transfer on premixed flame dynamics, in Symposium on Thermoacoustics in Combustion, Zurich, Switzerland, 2023
M. Désor, A. J. Eder, C. F. Silva & W. Polifke
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Linear and nonlinear flame response prediction of turbulent flames using neural network models, in Symposium on Thermoacoustics in Combustion, Zurich, Switzerland, 2023
N. Tathawadekar, A. Ösün, A. J. Eder, C. F. Silva & N. Thuerey
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Spatially Resolved Modeling of the Nonlinear Dynamics of a Laminar Premixed Flame With a Multilayer Perceptron - Convolution Autoencoder Network. Volume 3A: Combustion, Fuels, and Emissions. American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
Rywik, Marcin; Zimmermann, Axel; Eder, Alexander J.; Scoletta, Edoardo & Polifke, Wolfgang
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A parsimonious system of ordinary differential equations for the response modeling of turbulent swirled flames. Combustion and Flame, 266, 113408.
Doehner, Gregor; Eder, Alexander J. & Silva, Camilo F.
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An Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian framework for the consistent analysis of entropy wave generation. Combustion and Flame, 262, 113334.
Merk, Moritz; Eder, Alexander J. & Polifke, Wolfgang
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Identification of entropy waves in a partially premixed combustor. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 40(1-4), 105609.
Eder, Alexander J.; Dharmaputra, Bayu; Garcia, Alex M.; Silva, Camilo F. & Polifke, Wolfgang
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Linear and nonlinear flame response prediction of turbulent flames using neural network models. International Journal of Spray and Combustion Dynamics, 16(3), 93-103.
Tathawadekar, Nilam; Ösün, Alper; Eder, Alexander J.; Silva, Camilo F. & Thuerey, Nils
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Model-Based Inference of Flame Transfer Matrices From Acoustic Measurements in an Aero-Engine Test Rig. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 147(3).
Eder, Alexander J.; Merk, Moritz; Hollweck, Thomas; Fischer, André; Lahiri, Claus; Silva, Camilo F. & Polifke, Wolfgang
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Model-Based Inference of Flame Transfer Matrices From Acoustic Measurements in an Aero-Engine Test Rig. Volume 3A: Combustion, Fuels, and Emissions. American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
Eder, Alexander J.; Merk, Moritz; Hollweck, Thomas; Fischer, André; Lahiri, Claus; Silva, Camilo F. & Polifke, Wolfgang
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Probabilistic machine learning for data-based flame dynamics modeling, in International Conference on Numerical Combustion 2024, Kyoto, Japan, 2024
A. Zimmermann, A. J. Eder, C. F. Silva & W. Polifke
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Spatially Resolved Modeling of the Nonlinear Dynamics of a Laminar Premixed Flame With a Multilayer Perceptron—Convolution Autoencoder Network. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 146(6).
Rywik, Marcin; Zimmermann, Axel; Eder, Alexander J.; Scoletta, Edoardo & Polifke, Wolfgang
