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In-Situ Growth-Studies of Metal Halide Perovskites for Tandem Solar Cells.

Applicant Dr. Tim Kodalle
Subject Area Solid State and Surface Chemistry, Material Synthesis
Synthesis and Properties of Functional Materials
Physical Chemistry of Solids and Surfaces, Material Characterisation
Term from 2020 to 2023
Project identifier Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) - Project number 455786566
 
Final Report Year 2023

Final Report Abstract

The initial goal of the project was to understand how the surface properties of the bottom device in a tandem solar cell affect the nucleation and crystallization of a subsequently deposited perovskite layer, a key element in improving solar cell efficiency. The project aimed to explore the impact of surface roughness and the choice of an interlayer (hole transport layer, HTL) on the perovskite layer's properties. The methods of choice for this study were in situ photoluminescence (PL) and in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD). Different substrates, including glass, glass/ZnO, and CIGS-bottom devices, were used to analyze the perovskite growth. Experiments were conducted to test the initial hypothesis that surface roughness and HTL properties influence perovskite nucleation and growth. However, it turned out that the choice of substrate had minimal influence on perovskite nucleation and crystallization, contrary to the initial hypothesis. In situ XRD and PL measurements showed that the surface roughness of the substrate did not significantly affect the evolution of the perovskite layer. Additional experiments with different HTLs on various substrates confirmed the lack of substantial influence on perovskite nucleation and growth. Therefore, the project's focus shifted to address the broader challenge of maintaining stability in perovskite solar cells, i.e. to investigate the use of bulky organic cations forming stability-enhancing 2D and quasi-2D perovskite layers. The study explored the formation dynamics of (quasi-)2D perovskite layers based on different organic cations (PEAI and TMAI) showing that the composition of 2D layers varied with different molecules, and a higher ratio of quasi-2D phases (using TMAI) was found to be more beneficial for device performance. In conclusion, the project's initial focus on substrate properties shifted towards addressing the critical issue of stability in perovskite solar cells. The study on (quasi-)2D perovskite layers provided valuable insights that were published, contributing to the broader field of perovskite solar cell research.

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