Synthesis and Invesitigation of New, LED-Activatable Photoinitiators for Surface Refinement
Final Report Abstract
The project dealt with the synthesis and properties of new, phosphorus-based and LED- activatable photo-initiators. The compound class of bis(acyl)phosphine oxides (BAPOs) was examined. BAPOs are industrially important compounds that decompose into defined radicals after irradiation with inexpensive, visible LED light. If the decomposition takes place in the presence of organic molecules with activated double bonds, monomers such as e.g. acrylates, radical polymerization of the organic substrate occurs. In this way, organic polymers with various properties depending on the chemical structure of the BAPO and the monomer can be obtained. Despite their industrial relevance, the synthetic methods for BAPOs and their precursors are both challenging and optimized only for a narrow range of BAPOs. The aim of this work was, among others, to develop a simple, universal BAPO synthesis and to use it to test the compounds obtained in the polymerization of industrial monomers and biological substrates. Another aspect of the project was the study of an equally industrially important phosphorus-containing molecule, PH3. Phosphine, PH3, is the heavy homologue of ammonia, NH3, and is used today in the semiconductor industry, for pest control and in the synthesis of various organic compounds. Its properties are very different from those of ammonia. While NH3 is a stable and non-flammable gas at room temperature and in air, PH3 burns immediately in air. Under inert conditions, the highly toxic PH3 decomposes into the equally toxic diphosphane, P2H4, and hydrogen. The latter is the reason why industrially used PH3 is contaminated with P2H4 and H2. In this work, a simple solution for the storage and purification of PH 3 was found. It could be shown that the metal-organic framework of Mg formate is very well suited for this and even allows the handling and storage of P2H4 in air.
Publications
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Organocatalyzed Phospha‐Michael Addition: A Highly Efficient Synthesis of Customized Bis(acyl)phosphane Oxide Photoinitiators. Chemistry – A European Journal, 29(1).
Conti, Riccardo; Widera, Anna; Müller, Georgina; Fekete, Csilla; Thöny, Debora; Eiler, Frederik; Benkő, Zoltán & Grützmacher, Hansjörg
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ACTIVE‐BAPO – A Versatile Transfer Agent for Photoactive Bis(acyl)phosphane Oxide Units. Chemistry – A European Journal, 29(26).
Widera, Anna; Conti, Riccardo; Cosola, Andrea; Fäh, Ashling; Thöny, Debora; Sangermano, Marco; Levalois‐Grützmacher, Joëlle & Grützmacher, Hansjörg
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Bis(acyl)phosphide ‐ Ambidentate Ligands for the Synthesis of Group 14 and 15 Main Group Element Compounds. ChemPlusChem, 88(3).
Widera, Anna; Conti, Riccardo; Schrader, Erik; Aebli, Marcel; Wörle, Michael & Grützmacher, Hansjörg
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Solid‐State Investigation, Storage, and Separation of Pyrophoric PH3 and P2H4 with α‐Mg Formate. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 62(13).
Widera, Anna; Thöny, Debora; Aebli, Marcel; Oppenheim, Julius Jacob; Andrews, Justin L.; Eiler, Frederik; Wörle, Michael; Schönberg, Hartmut; Weferling, Norbert; Dincǎ, Mircea & Grützmacher, Hansjörg
