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Investigation of commensal bacteria in controlling Pseudomonas aeruginosa airway infection

Subject Area Medical Microbiology and Mycology, Hygiene, Molecular Infection Biology
Term from 2021 to 2023
Project identifier Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) - Project number 458912928
 
Final Report Year 2024

Final Report Abstract

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common hereditary lung disease. Among other factors, airway infection is the leading cause for disease progression and loss of lung function. Infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa or other typical CF pathogens play a critical role in initiating a cycle of infection, inflammation and tissue destruction. However, infections in CF are typical of polymicrobial nature and recent microbiome studies have shown that the airway microbiome diversity, in particular the presence of a variety of commensal bacteria, is positively associated with better lung function and less severe disease. In a previous screening study, from the airways of people with CF, we identified commensal bacteria that are able to inhibit P. aeruginosa and/or reduce pro-inflammatory responses caused by P. aeruginosa infection. In the current project, to understand the mechanism of how commensals affect host responses and inhibit pathogen growth, we applied RNA-seq to acquire information about both bacterial transcriptome and host transcriptome changes. This was carried out through comparing monoinfection and co-infection conditions in precision cut lung slices (PCLS) as an ex-vivo system. Using RNA-seq, first, we were able to identify P. aeruginosa/commensal interaction-triggered transcriptomic changes in bacteria that allowed us to understand how the growth of P. aeruginosa was inhibited by certain commensal strain; second, we could examine the impact of coinfection of P. aeruginosa/commensal on host defenses by comparing host-responses to P. aeruginosa mono-infection and to co-infection. Transcriptome changes in the host in response to co-infection indicated that several signaling pathways mediating inflammatory responses were downregulated by co-infection with S. mitis and P. aeruginosa compared to P. aeruginosa mono-infection, such as neutrophil extracellular trap formation. The underlying mechanisms of how the growth of P. aeruginosa was inhibited by certain commensal strain were investigated via genomic, transcriptomic, metabolic and functional analysis, revealing that the inhibitory commensals affect the growth of P. aeruginosa by releasing a large amount of acetic acid. The results direct further investigations of the commensal-pathogen-host interactions in CF with the aim of using commensal derived compounds as potential therapeutics.

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