Sustainable Biopolymers as Alternative Binders in Electrochemical Systems for Green Chemical Transformations

• Applicant: Professor Nikolay Kornienko, Ph.D.
• Subject Area: Technical Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry of Solids and Surfaces, Material Characterisation
• Term: since 2026
• Project identifier: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) - Project number 573486135

The use of renewable electricity-driven electrocatalytic systems for sustainable reactions, such as green H2 production, CO2 conversion, and NH3 generation is anticipated to grow exponentially in the following decades. Nevertheless, this exponential growth demands scalability and sustainability of the electrocatalytic system components. However, current electrocatalytic systems ubiquitously utilize polymers based on per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), known as “forever chemicals” due to their persistent and environmentally harmful nature. PFAS materials, characterized by strong C-F bonds, are difficult to degrade and pose significant ecological and health risks, prompting increased regulatory scrutiny. A critical component in electrocatalytic systems is the ion-conductive polymer (ionomer) binder, typically made from PFAS-based polymers like Nafion. Nafion ion exchange membranes are also common. These fluoropolymers are derived from fossil fuels, require harsh production processes, and are not biodegradable, contributing to their environmental hazards. This project develops sustainable ionomers for catalyst binders derived from scalable biological sources as alternatives to PFAS materials. Supported by preliminary data, we will harness cellulose and other related polysaccharide biopolymers as ionomers and binders to replace PFAS materials in electrocatalytic systems that produce NH3 as a sustainable fertilizer via the electrochemical reduction of NO3- waste. Here, cellulose is particularly attractive given the large excess of cellulose byproducts from agriculture, rendering cellulose ionomers inexpensive and scalable as part of a circular materials economy. Additionally, cellulose is also entirely non-toxic and environmentally benign. We will first characterize the performance of biopolymers in model electrocatalytic systems to produce ammonia. Next, we will investigate how the biopolymer-catalyst interface and resultant microenvironment affect the catalytic activity and stability. We aim to optimize these metrics by modulating catalyst-binder-electrode integration and compositions. Finally, we will translate the optimized systems from the lab towards practical technologies to produce NH3 from simulated agricultural streams.

• DFG Programme: Research Grants
• International Connection: Singapore
• Application Partner: Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)
• Cooperation Partner: Andrew Wong, Ph.D.