Functional layers of nanometer-thick YIG films and microstructured surfaces for spintronic applications

• Applicants: Professor Dr. Andrij Chumak; Dr. Carsten Dubs; Professor Dr. Burkard Hillebrands
• Subject Area: Synthesis and Properties of Functional Materials ; Microsystems
• Term: from 2015 to 2023
• Project identifier: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) - Project number 271741898

• Final Report Year: 2023

Final Report Abstract

This project successfully demonstrated the development of nm-thick Yttrium Iron Garnet (YIG) and Gallium-substituted YIG (Ga:YIG) films using the LPE (Liquid Phase Epitaxy) technique for insulator-based spintronic applications. Three research teams contributed to the project: the LPE growth methodology was established and optimized at INNOVENT in Jena, while the samples were characterized and used in applied research by TU Kaiserslautern and University of Vienna. The key achievements include: (i) the development of methodology to grow the nanometer-thick YIG and YIG-based films of high quality and excellent microwave properties; (ii) the discovery of a novel physical phenomenon of Bose-Einstein Condensation (BEC) induced by rapid cooling, and means to control it; (iii) the successful nanopatterning of the nm-thick films and the investigation of their spin-wave dispersion; (iv) discovery of the fast isotropic exchange spin waves and magnonic foldover effects in partially magnetic compensated Ga:YIG thin films followed by the fabrication of logic prototypes; (v) development of magnetic compensated GaLa:YIG films with robust in-plane magnetic anisotropy; (vi) performance of nonlinear excitation of self-normalized exchange spin waves; (vii) observation of a propagating spin wave in a wide temperature range from millikelvin to room temperature; (viii) parametric generation of the spin waves in nanoscaled YIG magnonic conduits, (ix) design of nanoscale spin-wave logic and data-processing prototypes. The nanoscale YIG films and microstructured surfaces are now available for the fabrication of a wide variety of magnetic devices for digital and analog information transport and processing. The functional layers are suitable for Boolean or wave-based, neuromorphic and non-Boolean devices for conventional and unconventional computing applications, to complement the most advanced CMOS architecture.

Publications

• Relative weight of the inverse spin-Hall and spin-rectification effects for metallic polycrystalline Py/Pt, epitaxial Fe/Pt, and insulating YIG/Pt bilayers: Angular dependent spin pumping measurements. Physical Review B, 96(2).
  Keller, S.; Greser, J.; Schweizer, M. R.; Conca, A.; Lauer, V.; Dubs, C.; Hillebrands, B. & Papaioannou, E. Th.
  
• Sub-micrometer yttrium iron garnet LPE films with low ferromagnetic resonance losses. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 50(20), 204005.
  Dubs, Carsten; Surzhenko, Oleksii; Linke, Ralf; Danilewsky, Andreas; Brückner, Uwe & Dellith, Jan
  
• Direct observation of coherent magnons with suboptical wavelengths in a single-crystalline ferrimagnetic insulator. Physical Review B, 100(21).
  Förster, J.; Gräfe, J.; Bailey, J.; Finizio, S.; Träger, N.; Groß, F.; Mayr, S.; Stoll, H.; Dubs, C.; Surzhenko, O.; Liebing, N.; Woltersdorf, G.; Raabe, J.; Weigand, M.; Schütz, G. & Wintz, S.
  
• Interplay of Magnetization Dynamics with a Microwave Waveguide at Cryogenic Temperatures. Physical Review Applied, 11(4).
  Golovchanskiy, I.A.; Abramov, N.N.; Pfirrmann, M.; Piskor, T.; Voss, J.N.; Baranov, D.S.; Hovhannisyan, R.A.; Stolyarov, V.S.; Dubs, C.; Golubov, A.A.; Ryazanov, V.V.; Ustinov, A.V. & Weides, M.
  
• Nanoscale X-ray imaging of spin dynamics in yttrium iron garnet. Journal of Applied Physics, 126(17).
  Förster, J.; Wintz, S.; Bailey, J.; Finizio, S.; Josten, E.; Dubs, C.; Bozhko, D. A.; Stoll, H.; Dieterle, G.; Träger, N.; Raabe, J.; Slavin, A. N.; Weigand, M.; Gräfe, J. & Schütz, G.
  
• Optimization of Spin-Wave Propagation with Enhanced Group Velocities by Exchange-Coupled Ferrimagnet-Ferromagnet Bilayers. Physical Review Applied, 11(3).
  An, K.; Bhat, V.S.; Mruczkiewicz, M.; Dubs, C. & Grundler, D.
  
• Spin Pinning and Spin-Wave Dispersion in Nanoscopic Ferromagnetic Waveguides. Physical Review Letters, 122(24).
  Wang, Q.; Heinz, B.; Verba, R.; Kewenig, M.; Pirro, P.; Schneider, M.; Meyer, T.; Lägel, B.; Dubs, C.; Brächer, T. & Chumak, A. V.
  
• A magnonic directional coupler for integrated magnonic half-adders. Nature Electronics, 3(12), 765-774.
  Wang, Q.; Kewenig, M.; Schneider, M.; Verba, R.; Kohl, F.; Heinz, B.; Geilen, M.; Mohseni, M.; Lägel, B.; Ciubotaru, F.; Adelmann, C.; Dubs, C.; Cotofana, S. D.; Dobrovolskiy, O. V.; Brächer, T.; Pirro, P. & Chumak, A. V.
  
• Bose–Einstein condensation of quasiparticles by rapid cooling. Nature Nanotechnology, 15(6), 457-461.
  Schneider, Michael; Brächer, Thomas; Breitbach, David; Lauer, Viktor; Pirro, Philipp; Bozhko, Dmytro A.; Musiienko-Shmarova, Halyna Yu.; Heinz, Björn; Wang, Qi; Meyer, Thomas; Heussner, Frank; Keller, Sascha; Papaioannou, Evangelos Th.; Lägel, Bert; Löber, Thomas; Dubs, Carsten; Slavin, Andrei N.; Tiberkevich, Vasyl S.; Serga, Alexander A. ... & Chumak, Andrii V.
  
• Efficient wavelength conversion of exchange magnons below 100 nm by magnetic coplanar waveguides. Nature Communications, 11(1).
  Che, Ping; Baumgaertl, Korbinian; Kúkol’ová, Anna; Dubs, Carsten & Grundler, Dirk
  
• Low damping and microstructural perfection of sub-40nm-thin yttrium iron garnet films grown by liquid phase epitaxy. Physical Review Materials, 4(2).
  Dubs, Carsten; Surzhenko, Oleksii; Thomas, Ronny; Osten, Julia; Schneider, Tobias; Lenz, Kilian; Grenzer, Jörg; Hübner, René & Wendler, Elke
  
• Parametric Generation of Propagating Spin Waves in Ultrathin Yttrium Iron Garnet Waveguides. physica status solidi (RRL) – Rapid Research Letters, 14(4).
  Mohseni, Morteza; Kewenig, Martin; Verba, Roman; Wang, Qi; Schneider, Michael; Heinz, Björn; Kohl, Felix; Dubs, Carsten; Lägel, Bert; Serga, Alexander A.; Hillebrands, Burkard; Chumak, Andrii V. & Pirro, Philipp
  
• Propagation of Spin-Wave Packets in Individual Nanosized Yttrium Iron Garnet Magnonic Conduits. Nano Letters, 20(6), 4220-4227.
  Heinz, Björn; Brächer, Thomas; Schneider, Michael; Wang, Qi; Lägel, Bert; Friedel, Anna M.; Breitbach, David; Steinert, Steffen; Meyer, Thomas; Kewenig, Martin; Dubs, Carsten; Pirro, Philipp & Chumak, Andrii V.
  
• Temperature Dependence of Spin Pinning and Spin-Wave Dispersion in Nanoscopic Ferromagnetic Waveguides. Ukrainian Journal of Physics, 65(12), 1094.
  Heinz, B.; Wang, Q.; Verba, R.; Vasyuchka, V.I.; Kewenig, M.; Pirro, P.; Schneider, M.; Meyer, T.; Lägel, B.; Dubs, C.; Brächer, T.; Dobrovolskiy, O.V. & Chumak, A.V.
  
• Control of the Bose-Einstein Condensation of Magnons by the Spin Hall Effect. Physical Review Letters, 127(23).
  Schneider, Michael; Breitbach, David; Serha, Rostyslav O.; Wang, Qi; Serga, Alexander A.; Slavin, Andrei N.; Tiberkevich, Vasyl S.; Heinz, Björn; Lägel, Bert; Brächer, Thomas; Dubs, Carsten; Knauer, Sebastian; Dobrovolskiy, Oleksandr V.; Pirro, Philipp; Hillebrands, Burkard & Chumak, Andrii V.
  
• Controlling the Nonlinear Relaxation of Quantized Propagating Magnons in Nanodevices. Physical Review Letters, 126(9).
  Mohseni, M.; Wang, Q.; Heinz, B.; Kewenig, M.; Schneider, M.; Kohl, F.; Lägel, B.; Dubs, C.; Chumak, A. V. & Pirro, P.
  
• Electrical spectroscopy of the spin-wave dispersion and bistability in gallium-doped yttrium iron garnet. Applied Physics Letters, 119(20).
  Carmiggelt, Joris J.; Dreijer, Olaf C.; Dubs, Carsten; Surzhenko, Oleksii & van der Sar, Toeno
  
• Long-range spin-wave propagation in transversely magnetized nano-scaled conduits. Applied Physics Letters, 118(13).
  Heinz, Björn; Wang, Qi; Schneider, Michael; Weiß, Elisabeth; Lentfert, Akira; Lägel, Bert; Brächer, Thomas; Dubs, Carsten; Dobrovolskiy, Oleksandr V.; Pirro, Philipp & Chumak, Andrii V.
  
• Spin-Wave Dispersion Measurement by Variable-Gap Propagating Spin-Wave Spectroscopy. Physical Review Applied, 16(5).
  Vaňatka, Marek; Szulc, Krzysztof; Wojewoda, Ondřej; Dubs, Carsten; Chumak, Andrii V.; Krawczyk, Maciej; Dobrovolskiy, Oleksandr V.; Kłos, Jarosław W. & Urbánek, Michal
  
• Stabilization of a nonlinear magnonic bullet coexisting with a Bose-Einstein condensate in a rapidly cooled magnonic system driven by spin-orbit torque. Physical Review B, 104(14).
  Schneider, Michael; Breitbach, David; Serha, Rostyslav O.; Wang, Qi; Mohseni, Morteza; Serga, Alexander A.; Slavin, Andrei N.; Tiberkevich, Vasyl S.; Heinz, Björn; Brächer, Thomas; Lägel, Bert; Dubs, Carsten; Knauer, Sebastian; Dobrovolskiy, Oleksandr V.; Pirro, Philipp; Hillebrands, Burkard & Chumak, Andrii V.
  
• Xenon Plasma Focused Ion Beam Milling for Obtaining Soft X-ray Transparent Samples. Crystals, 11(5), 546.
  Mayr, Sina; Finizio, Simone; Reuteler, Joakim; Stutz, Stefan; Dubs, Carsten; Weigand, Markus; Hrabec, Aleš; Raabe, Jörg & Wintz, Sebastian
  
• Advances in Magnetics Roadmap on Spin-Wave Computing. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 58(6), 1-72.
  Chumak, A. V.; Kabos, P.; Wu, M.; Abert, C.; Adelmann, C.; Adeyeye, A. O.; Akerman, J.; Aliev, F. G.; Anane, A.; Awad, A.; Back, C. H.; Barman, A.; Bauer, G. E. W.; Becherer, M.; Beginin, E. N.; Bittencourt, V. A. S. V.; Blanter, Y. M.; Bortolotti, P.; Boventer, I. ... & Zhang, X.
  
• Experimental Demonstration of a Spin-Wave Lens Designed With Machine Learning. IEEE Magnetics Letters, 13(2022), 1-5.
  Kiechle, Martina; Maucha, Levente; Ahrens, Valentin; Dubs, Carsten; Porod, Wolfgang; Csaba, Gyorgy; Becherer, Markus & Papp, Adam
  
• Fast long-wavelength exchange spin waves in partially compensated Ga:YIG. Applied Physics Letters, 120(10).
  Böttcher, T.; Ruhwedel, M.; Levchenko, K. O.; Wang, Q.; Chumak, H. L.; Popov, M. A.; Zavislyak, I. V.; Dubs, C.; Surzhenko, O.; Hillebrands, B.; Chumak, A. V. & Pirro, P.
  
• Parametric generation of spin waves in nanoscaled magnonic conduits. Physical Review B, 105(14).
  Heinz, Björn; Mohseni, Morteza; Lentfert, Akira; Verba, Roman; Schneider, Michael; Lägel, Bert; Levchenko, Khrystyna; Brächer, Thomas; Dubs, Carsten; Chumak, Andrii V. & Pirro, Philipp
  
• Deeply nonlinear excitation of self-normalized short spin waves. Science Advances, 9(32).
  Wang, Qi; Verba, Roman; Heinz, Björn; Schneider, Michael; Wojewoda, Ondřej; Davídková, Kristýna; Levchenko, Khrystyna; Dubs, Carsten; Mauser, Norbert J.; Urbánek, Michal; Pirro, Philipp & Chumak, Andrii V.
  
• High wave vector non-reciprocal spin wave beams. AIP Advances, 13(2).
  Temdie, L.; Castel, V.; Dubs, C.; Pradhan, G.; Solano, J.; Majjad, H.; Bernard, R.; Henry, Y.; Bailleul, M. & Vlaminck, V.
  
• Negligible magnetic losses at low temperatures in liquid phase epitaxy grown Y3Fe5O12 films. Physical Review Materials, 7(5).
  Will-Cole, A. R.; Hart, James L.; Lauter, Valeria; Grutter, Alexander; Dubs, Carsten; Lindner, Morris; Reimann, Timmy; Valdez, Nichole R.; Pearce, Charles J.; Monson, Todd C.; Cha, Judy J.; Heiman, Don & Sun, Nian X.
  
• Propagating spin-wave spectroscopy in a liquid-phase epitaxial nanometer-thick YIG film at millikelvin temperatures. Journal of Applied Physics, 133(14).
  Knauer, Sebastian; Davídková, Kristýna; Schmoll, David; Serha, Rostyslav O.; Voronov, Andrey; Wang, Qi; Verba, Roman; Dobrovolskiy, Oleksandr V.; Lindner, Morris; Reimann, Timmy; Dubs, Carsten; Urbánek, Michal & Chumak, Andrii V.