The influence of stressful life events on trajectories of brain development and psychopathological symptoms in adolescence

• Applicant: Professorin Dr. Nora C. Vetter
• Subject Area: General, Cognitive and Mathematical Psychology ; Developmental and Educational Psychology
• Term: from 2016 to 2024
• Project identifier: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) - Project number 290210763

• Final Report Year: 2024

Final Report Abstract

The overarching aim was to investigate, longitudinally, the influence of stressful life events on trajectories of brain development over the course of adolescence until young adulthood. At the same time, we aimed to explore whether potentially altered developmental brain trajectories might be associated with greater likelihood of exhibiting psychopathological symptoms. To this end, structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were assessed at ages 14, 16, 18, and 21 at the two sites Dresden and Paris. The project’s results are threefold: first, the field in clinical developmental cognitive neuroscience might profit from our strong methodical groundwork that covers guidelines on quality control of structural MRI images, study design, specificities of the development of different structural brain measures, and how to address and conceptualize reliability. We also demonstrate the functional development of subcortical regions (amygdala) related to matching emotional pictures and their reliability. Second, we provide results for longitudinal trajectories of subcortical and cortical brain development in our large sample of over 500 adolescent participants from the two sites Dresden and Paris (Backhausen et al., 2024). Third, the integration of the project’s objectives was achieved for structural brain development of the orbitofrontal cortex and the impact of stressful life events in childhood on depression in young adulthood. Moreover, final analyses focused on intra- and interindividual variability in brain development and the relationship of general psychopathology and brain development. In our integrative analysis, we studied the impact of common stressful life events in childhood and early adolescence, ranging from illness/death in the family to social/school problems, on depressive symptoms in young adulthood at age 21. Stressful life events prior to age 14 were found to cumulatively impact on depressive symptoms in young adulthood, up to 8 years later. Depressive symptoms in young adulthood were also predicted by a thicker orbitofrontal cortex at age 14 and an accelerated orbitofrontal cortex thinning, i.e. an accelerated maturation, across adolescence. Other than expected, orbitofrontal cortex development during adolescence did not mediate effects of negative life events on depressive symptoms. This underscores the complexity of neurobiological mechanisms underlying the long-lasting effects of childhood experiences on mental health. The assessment of relatively early but rather common stressful life events in addition to acute negative life events may be warranted in clinical practice to identify individuals at risk for depression.

Publications

• Amygdala fMRI Signal as a Predictor of Reaction Time. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 10.
  Riedel, Philipp; Jacob, Mark J.; Müller, Dirk K.; Vetter, Nora C.; Smolka, Michael N. & Marxen, Michael
  
• Human subcortical brain asymmetries in 15,847 people worldwide reveal effects of age and sex. Brain Imaging and Behavior, 11(5), 1497-1514.
  Guadalupe, Tulio; Mathias, Samuel R.; vanErp, Theo G. M.; Whelan, Christopher D.; Zwiers, Marcel P.; Abe, Yoshinari; Abramovic, Lucija; Agartz, Ingrid; Andreassen, Ole A.; Arias-Vásquez, Alejandro; Aribisala, Benjamin S.; Armstrong, Nicola J.; Arolt, Volker; Artiges, Eric; Ayesa-Arriola, Rosa; Baboyan, Vatche G.; Banaschewski, Tobias; Barker, Gareth; Bastin, Mark E. ... & Francks, Clyde
  
• Quality Control of Structural MRI Images Applied Using FreeSurfer—A Hands-On Workflow to Rate Motion Artifacts. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 10.
  Backhausen, Lea L.; Herting, Megan M.; Buse, Judith; Roessner, Veit; Smolka, Michael N. & Vetter, Nora C.
  
• Quality control of structural MRI images – A proposal of a hands-on workflow for developmental and other samples regarding (motion) artifacts. PuG, Berlin.
  Vetter, N. C.
  
• Blunted ventral striatal responses to anticipated rewards foreshadow problematic drug use in novelty-seeking adolescents. Nature Communications, 8(1).
  Büchel, Christian; Peters, Jan; Banaschewski, Tobias; Bokde, Arun L. W.; Bromberg, Uli; Conrod, Patricia J.; Flor, Herta; Papadopoulos, Dimitri; Garavan, Hugh; Gowland, Penny; Heinz, Andreas; Walter, Henrik; Ittermann, Bernd; Mann, Karl; Martinot, Jean-Luc; Paillère-Martinot, Marie-Laure; Nees, Frauke; Paus, Tomas; Pausova, Zdenka ... & Ziesch, Veronika
  
• Functional Neuroimaging Predictors of Self-Reported Psychotic Symptoms in Adolescents. American Journal of Psychiatry, 174(6), 566-575.
  Bourque, Josiane; Spechler, Philip A.; Potvin, Stéphane; Whelan, Robert; Banaschewski, Tobias; Bokde, Arun L.W.; Bromberg, Uli; Büchel, Christian; Quinlan, Erin Burke; Desrivières, Sylvane; Flor, Herta; Frouin, Vincent; Gowland, Penny; Heinz, Andreas; Ittermann, Bernd; Martinot, Jean-Luc; Paillère-Martinot, Marie-Laure; McEwen, Sarah C. ... & Nees, Frauke
  
• Impact of a Common Genetic Variation Associated With Putamen Volume on Neural Mechanisms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 56(5), 436-444.e4.
  Xu, Bing; Jia, Tianye; Macare, Christine; Banaschewski, Tobias; Bokde, Arun L.W.; Bromberg, Uli; Büchel, Christian; Cattrell, Anna; Conrod, Patricia J.; Flor, Herta; Frouin, Vincent; Gallinat, Jürgen; Garavan, Hugh; Gowland, Penny; Heinz, Andreas; Ittermann, Bernd; Martinot, Jean-Luc; Paillère, Martinot Marie-Laure; Nees, Frauke ... & Schumann, Gunter
  
• Methylation of OPRL 1 mediates the effect of psychosocial stress on binge drinking in adolescents. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 59(6), 650-658.
  Ruggeri, Barbara; Macare, Christine; Stopponi, Serena; Jia, Tianye; Carvalho, Fabiana M.; Robert, Gabriel; Banaschewski, Tobias; Bokde, Arun L.W.; Bromberg, Uli; Büchel, Christian; Cattrell, Anna; Conrod, Patricia J.; Desrivières, Sylvane; Flor, Herta; Frouin, Vincent; Gallinat, Jürgen; Garavan, Hugh; Gowland, Penny ... & Heinz, Andreas
  
• Psychosocial Stress and Brain Function in Adolescent Psychopathology. American Journal of Psychiatry, 174(8), 785-794.
  Quinlan, Erin Burke; Cattrell, Anna; Jia, Tianye; Artiges, Eric; Banaschewski, Tobias; Barker, Gareth; Bokde, Arun L.W.; Bromberg, Uli; Büchel, Christian; Brühl, Rüdiger; Conrod, Patricia J.; Desrivieres, Sylvane; Flor, Herta; Frouin, Vincent; Gallinat, Jürgen; Garavan, Hugh; Gowland, Penny; Heinz, Andreas ... & Martinot, Jean-Luc
  
• Reliability in adolescent fMRI within two years – a comparison of three tasks. Scientific Reports, 7(1).
  Vetter, Nora C.; Steding, Julius; Jurk, Sarah; Ripke, Stephan; Mennigen, Eva & Smolka, Michael N.
  
• Adolescent Basic Facial Emotion Recognition Is Not Influenced by Puberty or Own-Age Bias. Frontiers in Psychology, 9.
  Vetter, Nora C.; Drauschke, Mandy; Thieme, Juliane & Altgassen, Mareike
  
• Altered cortical morphology in pure and comorbid adolescent ADHD with conduct disorder. FLUX, Berlin.
  Vetter, N. C.
  
• Anterior insula hyperactivation in ADHD when faced with distracting negative stimuli. DGPPN, Berlin.
  Vetter, N. C.
  
• Anterior insula hyperactivation in ADHD when faced with distracting negative stimuli. Human Brain Mapping, 39(7), 2972-2986.
  Vetter, Nora C.; Buse, Judith; Backhausen, Lea L.; Rubia, Katya; Smolka, Michael N. & Roessner, Veit
  
• Distinct brain structure and behavior related to ADHD and conduct disorder traits. Molecular Psychiatry, 25(11), 3020-3033.
  Bayard, Frida; Nymberg, Thunell Charlotte; Abé, Christoph; Almeida, Rita; Banaschewski, Tobias; Barker, Gareth; Bokde, Arun L. W.; Bromberg, Uli; Büchel, Christian; Quinlan, Erin Burke; Desrivières, Sylvane; Flor, Herta; Frouin, Vincent; Garavan, Hugh; Gowland, Penny; Heinz, Andreas; Ittermann, Bernd; Martinot, Jean-Luc ... & Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillère
  
• Test-retest reliability of longitudinal task-based fMRI: Implications for developmental studies. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 33, 17-26.
  Herting, Megan M.; Gautam, Prapti; Chen, Zhanghua; Mezher, Adam & Vetter, Nora C.
  
• The initiation of cannabis use in adolescence is predicted by sex‐specific psychosocial and neurobiological features. European Journal of Neuroscience, 50(3), 2346-2356.
  Spechler, Philip A.; Allgaier, Nicholas; Chaarani, Bader; Whelan, Robert; Watts, Richard; Orr, Catherine; Albaugh, Matthew D.; D.'Alberto, Nicholas; Higgins, Stephen T.; Hudson, Kelsey E.; Mackey, Scott; Potter, Alexandra; Banaschewski, Tobias; Bokde, Arun L. W.; Bromberg, Uli; Büchel, Christian; Cattrell, Anna; Conrod, Patricia J. ... & Desrivières, Sylvane
  
• Altered brain morphology in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with and without comorbid conduct disorder/oppositional defiant disorder. Human Brain Mapping, 41(4), 973-983.
  Vetter, Nora C.; Backhausen, Lea L.; Buse, Judith; Roessner, Veit & Smolka, Michael N.
  
• Brain morphology in pure and comorbid adolescent ADHD with conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder. OHBM, Rome.
  Vetter, N. C.
  
• Cortical, subcortical and cerebellar structural alterations in adolescents with pure and comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with conduct disorder/oppositional defiant disorder analyzed using FreeSurfer. PuG, Berlin.
  Vetter, N. C.
  
• Do ADHD-impulsivity and BMI have shared polygenic and neural correlates?. Molecular Psychiatry, 26(3), 1019-1028.
  Barker, Edward D.; Ing, Alex; Biondo, Francesca; Jia, Tianye; Pingault, Jean-Baptiste; Du Rietz, Ebba; Zhang, Yuning; Ruggeri, Barbara; Banaschewski, Tobias; Hohmann, Sarah; Bokde, Arun L. W.; Bromberg, Uli; Büchel, Christian; Quinlan, Erin Burke; Sounga-Barke, Edmund; Bowling, April B.; Desrivières, Sylvane; Flor, Herta ... & Schumann, Gunter
  
• Heavy drinking in adolescents is associated with change in brainstem microstructure and reward sensitivity. Addiction Biology, 25(3).
  Galinowski, André; Miranda, Ruben; Lemaitre, Hervé; Artiges, Eric; Paillère, Martinot Marie‐Laure; Filippi, Irina; Penttilä, Jani; Grimmer, Yvonne; van Noort, Betteke M.; Stringaris, Argyris; Becker, Andreas; Isensee, Corinna; Struve, Maren; Fadai, Tahmine; Kappel, Viola; Goodman, Robert; Banaschewski, Tobias; Bokde, Arun L.W. ... & Bromberg, Uli
  
• Low Smoking Exposure, the Adolescent Brain, and the Modulating Role of CHRNA5 Polymorphisms. Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, 4(7), 672-679.
  Chaarani, Bader; Kan, Kees-Jan; Mackey, Scott; Spechler, Philip A.; Potter, Alexandra; Orr, Catherine; D.’Alberto, Nicholas; Hudson, Kelsey E.; Banaschewski, Tobias; Bokde, Arun L.W.; Bromberg, Uli; Büchel, Christian; Cattrell, Anna; Conrod, Patricia J.; Desrivières, Sylvane; Flor, Herta; Frouin, Vincent; Gallinat, Jürgen; Gowland, Penny ... & Tahmasebi, Amir
  
• Neural Correlates of Failed Inhibitory Control as an Early Marker of Disordered Eating in Adolescents. Biological Psychiatry, 85(11), 956-965.
  Bartholdy, Savani; O’Daly, Owen G.; Campbell, Iain C.; Banaschewski, Tobias; Barker, Gareth; Bokde, Arun L.W.; Bromberg, Uli; Büchel, Christian; Quinlan, Erin Burke; Desrivières, Sylvane; Flor, Herta; Frouin, Vincent; Garavan, Hugh; Gowland, Penny; Heinz, Andreas; Ittermann, Bernd; Martinot, Jean-Luc; Paillère, Martinot Marie-Laure; Nees, Frauke ... & Stedman, Alicia
  
• Neuroimaging Evidence for Right Orbitofrontal Cortex Differences in Adolescents With Emotional and Behavioral Dysregulation. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 58(11), 1092-1103.
  Spechler, Philip A.; Chaarani, Bader; Orr, Catherine; Mackey, Scott; Higgins, Stephen T.; Banaschewski, Tobias; Bokde, Arun L.W.; Bromberg, Uli; Büchel, Christian; Quinlan, Erin Burke; Conrod, Patricia J.; Desrivières, Sylvane; Flor, Herta; Frouin, Vincent; Gowland, Penny; Heinz, Andreas; Ittermann, Bernd; Martinot, Jean-Luc; Nees, Frauke ... & Schumann, Gunter
  
• Pubertal maturation and sex effects on the default-mode network connectivity implicated in mood dysregulation. Translational Psychiatry, 9(1).
  Ernst, Monique; Benson, Brenda; Artiges, Eric; Gorka, Adam X.; Lemaitre, Herve; Lago, Tiffany; Miranda, Ruben; Banaschewski, Tobias; Bokde, Arun L. W.; Bromberg, Uli; Brühl, Rüdiger; Büchel, Christian; Cattrell, Anna; Conrod, Patricia; Desrivières, Sylvane; Fadai, Tahmine; Flor, Herta; Grigis, Antoine; Gallinat, Juergen ... & Stephens, D.
  
• The impact of emotional congruent and emotional neutral context on recognizing complex emotions in older adults. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition, 27(5), 677-692.
  Vetter, Nora C.; Oosterman, Joukje M.; Mühlbach, Jasmin; Wolff, Sina & Altgassen, Mareike
  
• Association of Gray Matter and Personality Development With Increased Drunkenness Frequency During Adolescence. JAMA Psychiatry, 77(4), 409.
  Robert, Gabriel H.; Luo, Qiang; Yu, Tao; Chu, Congying; Ing, Alex; Jia, Tianye; Papadopoulos, Orfanos Dimitri; Burke-Quinlan, Erin; Desrivières, Sylvane; Ruggeri, Barbara; Spechler, Philip; Chaarani, Bader; Tay, Nicole; Banaschewski, Tobias; Bokde, Arun L. W.; Bromberg, Uli; Flor, Herta; Frouin, Vincent ... & Gowland, Penny
  
• Cannabis-Associated Psychotic-like Experiences Are Mediated by Developmental Changes in the Parahippocampal Gyrus. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 59(5), 642-649.
  Yu, Tao; Jia, Tianye; Zhu, Liping; Desrivières, Sylvane; Macare, Christine; Bi, Yan; Bokde, Arun L.W.; Quinlan, Erin Burke; Heinz, Andreas; Ittermann, Bernd; Liu, ChuanXin; Ji, Lei; Banaschewski, Tobias; Ren, Decheng; Du, Li; Hou, Binyin; Flor, Herta; Frouin, Vincent; Garavan, Hugh ... & Stedman, Alicia
  
• Neural Correlates of Adolescent Irritability and Its Comorbidity With Psychiatric Disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 59(12), 1371-1379.
  Chaarani, Bader; Kan, Kees-Jan; Mackey, Scott; Spechler, Philip A.; Potter, Alexandra; Banaschewski, Tobias; Millenet, Sabina; Bokde, Arun L.W.; Bromberg, Uli; Büchel, Christian; Cattrell, Anna; Conrod, Patricia J.; Desrivières, Sylvane; Flor, Herta; Frouin, Vincent; Gallinat, Jürgen; Gowland, Penny; Heinz, Andreas; Ittermann, Bernd ... & Stedman, Alicia
  
• Neurocognitive mechanisms of typical and atypical socio-emotional development in adolescence. Technische Universität Dresden.
  Vetter, N.C.
  
• Sex effects on structural maturation of the limbic system and outcomes on emotional regulation during adolescence. NeuroImage, 210, 116441.
  Frere, Pauline Bezivin; Vetter, Nora C.; Artiges, Eric; Filippi, Irina; Miranda, Rubén; Vulser, Hélène; Paillère-Martinot, Marie-Laure; Ziesch, Veronika; Conrod, Patricia; Cattrell, Anna; Walter, Henrik; Gallinat, Jurgen; Bromberg, Uli; Jurk, Sarah; Menningen, Eva; Frouin, Vincent; Papadopoulos, Orfanos Dimitri; Stringaris, Argyris; Penttilä, Jani ... & Lemaître, Hervé
  
• The influence of stressful life events on trajectories of subcortical structural brain development from adolescence to early adulthood? A latent curve model approach. FLUX, Digital.
  Backhausen, L. L.
  
• Adolescent longitudinal development of cortical thickness, surface area, volume, ang gyrification. OHBM, Digital.
  Vetter, N.C.
  
• Adolescent longitudinal development of subcortical volumes in two European samples and the effect of sex. OHBM, Digital.
  Backhausen, L.L.
  
• Best Practices in Structural Neuroimaging of Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Neuropsychology Review, 32(2), 400-418.
  Backhausen, Lea L.; Herting, Megan M.; Tamnes, Christian K. & Vetter, Nora C.
  
• Differential predictors for alcohol use in adolescents as a function of familial risk. Translational Psychiatry, 11(1).
  Tschorn, Mira; Lorenz, Robert C.; O’Reilly, Paul F.; Reichenberg, Abraham; Banaschewski, Tobias; Bokde, Arun L. W.; Quinlan, Erin B.; Desrivières, Sylvane; Flor, Herta; Grigis, Antoine; Garavan, Hugh; Gowland, Penny; Ittermann, Bernd; Martinot, Jean-Luc; Artiges, Eric; Nees, Frauke; Papadopoulos, Orfanos Dimitri; Poustka, Luise; Millenet, Sabina ... & Tahmasebi, Amir
  
• Disentangling the relations of theory of mind, executive function and conduct problems. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 72, 101233.
  Holl, Anna Katharina; Vetter, Nora C. & Elsner, Birgit
  
• Individual variability in adolescent longitudinal development of cortical volume, thickness, surface area, and gyrification in two large European samples and influences of sex, height, pubertal status, and site. FLUX, Digital.
  Vetter, N.C.
  
• Neuroimaging evidence for structural correlates in adolescents resilient to polysubstance use: A five-year follow-up study. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 49, 11-22.
  Filippi, Irina; Galinowski, André; Lemaître, Hervé; Massot, Christian; Zille, Pascal; Frère, Pauline; Miranda-Marcos, Rubén; Trichard, Christian; Guldner, Stella; Vulser, Hélène; Paillère-Martinot, Marie-Laure; Quinlan, Erin Burke; Desrivieres, Sylvane; Gowland, Penny; Bokde, Arun; Garavan, Hugh; Heinz, Andreas; Walter, Henrik; Daedelow, Laura ... & Martinot, Jean-Luc
  
• Substance Use Initiation, Particularly Alcohol, in Drug-Naive Adolescents: Possible Predictors and Consequences From a Large Cohort Naturalistic Study. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 60(5), 623-636.
  Ivanov, Iliyan; Parvaz, Muhammad A.; Velthorst, Eva; Shaik, Riaz B.; Sandin, Sven; Gan, Gabriela; Spechler, Philip; Albaugh, Matthew D.; Chaarani, Bader; Mackey, Scott; Banaschewski, Tobias; Bokde, Arun L.W.; Bromberg, Uli; Büchel, Christian; Quinlan, Erin Burke; Desrivières, Sylvane; Flor, Herta; Grigis, Antoine; Gowland, Penny ... & Stedman, Alicia
  
• The influence of stressful life events on the development of frontal cortical thickness across adolescence and related depressive symptoms in young adulthood. FLUX, Digital.
  Backhausen, L.L.
  
• Ventral Striatal Activation During Reward Anticipation of Different Reward Probabilities in Adolescents and Adults. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 15.
  Bretzke, Maria; Wahl, Hannes; Plichta, Michael M.; Wolff, Nicole; Roessner, Veit; Vetter, Nora C. & Buse, Judith
  
• Adolescent to young adult longitudinal development across 8 years for matching emotional stimuli during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 57, 101131.
  Vetter, Nora C.; Fröhner, Juliane H.; Hoffmann, Klara; Backhausen, Lea L. & Smolka, Michael N.
  
• Is loss avoidance differentially rewarding in adolescents versus adults? Differences in ventral striatum and anterior insula activation during the anticipation of potential monetary losses. Cognitive Neuroscience, 14(1), 36-49.
  Bretzke, Maria; Vetter, Nora C.; Kohls, Gregor; Wahl, Hannes; Roessner, Veit; Plichta, Michael M. & Buse, Judith
  
• Negative events and the development of the orbitofrontal cortex independently affect depression. OHBM, Glasgow.
  Backhausen, L.L.
  
• App-Based Mindfulness Meditation Training and an Audiobook Intervention Reduce Symptom Severity but Do Not Modify Backward Inhibition in Adolescent Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Evidence from an EEG Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(7), 2486.
  Rempel, Sarah; Backhausen, Lea L.; McDonald, Maria; Roessner, Veit; Vetter, Nora C.; Beste, Christian & Wolff, Nicole
  
• Interplay of early negative life events, development of orbitofrontal cortical thickness and depression in young adulthood. JCPP Advances, 4(1).
  Backhausen, Lea L.; Granzow, Jonas; Fröhner, Juliane H.; Artiges, Eric; Paillère‐Martinot, Marie‐Laure; Lemaître, Hervé; Sticca, Fabio; Banaschewski, Tobias; Desrivières, Sylvane; Grigis, Antoine; Heinz, Andreas; Brühl, Rüdiger; Papadopoulos‐Orfanos, Dimitri; Poustka, Luise; Hohmann, Sarah; Robinson, Lauren; Walter, Henrik; Winterer, Jeanne ... & Schumann, Gunter
  
• The functional connectome in obsessive-compulsive disorder: resting-state mega-analysis and machine learning classification for the ENIGMA-OCD consortium. Molecular Psychiatry, 28(10), 4307-4319.
  Bruin, Willem B.; Abe, Yoshinari; Alonso, Pino; Anticevic, Alan; Backhausen, Lea L.; Balachander, Srinivas; Bargallo, Nuria; Batistuzzo, Marcelo C.; Benedetti, Francesco; Bertolin, Triquell Sara; Brem, Silvia; Calesella, Federico; Couto, Beatriz; Denys, Damiaan A. J. P.; Echevarria, Marco A. N.; Eng, Goi Khia; Ferreira, Sónia; Feusner, Jamie D.; Grazioplene, Rachael G. ... & van, Wingen Guido A.
  
• Adolescent to young adult longitudinal development of subcortical volumes in two European sites with four waves. Human Brain Mapping, 45(3).
  Backhausen, Lea L.; Fröhner, Juliane H.; Lemaître, Hervé; Artiges, Eric; Martinot, Marie‐Laure Palillère; Herting, Megan M.; Sticca, Fabio; Banaschewski, Tobias; Barker, Gareth J.; Bokde, Arun L. W.; Desrivières, Sylvane; Flor, Herta; Grigis, Antoine; Garavan, Hugh; Gowland, Penny; Heinz, Andreas; Brühl, Rüdiger; Nees, Frauke ... & Papadopoulos‐Orfanos, Dimitri
  
• Emotions and worries during 1.5 years of the COVID-19 pandemic - how adults with and without mental health conditions coped with the crisis. BMC Psychiatry, 24(1).
  Rothe, Josefine; Brückner, Greta; Ring, Melanie; Roessner, Veit; Wolff, Nicole & Vetter, Nora C.
  
• How do childhood negative life events and brain development relate to depression in young adulthood? PuG, Hamburg.
  Vetter, N. C.
  
• Longitudinal relationship of early negative life events, brain development in adolescence and depression in young adulthood. DGKJP, Rostock.
  Vetter, N. C.
  
• White matter diffusion estimates in obsessive-compulsive disorder across 1653 individuals: machine learning findings from the ENIGMA OCD Working Group. Molecular Psychiatry, 29(4), 1063-1074.
  Kim, Bo-Gyeom; Kim, Gakyung; Abe, Yoshinari; Alonso, Pino; Ameis, Stephanie; Anticevic, Alan; Arnold, Paul D.; Balachander, Srinivas; Banaj, Nerisa; Bargalló, Nuria; Batistuzzo, Marcelo C.; Benedetti, Francesco; Bertolín, Sara; Beucke, Jan Carl; Bollettini, Irene; Brem, Silvia; Brennan, Brian P.; Buitelaar, Jan K.; Calvo, Rosa ... & Cha, Jiook