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Membrane transporters as mediators of toxicities induced by chemotherapeutic agents

Subject Area Anatomy and Physiology
Nephrology
Term from 2017 to 2023
Project identifier Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) - Project number 389197969
 
Final Report Year 2024

Final Report Abstract

One of the main renal functions is the elimination of solutes via both glomerular filtration and tubular secretion, which takes place principally via epithelial cells of the proximal tubules. Here specialized transporters extract solutes from the circulation and extrude them into the urine in a coordinated process. Thereby, uptake of the chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin (CDDP) via the basolaterally located human organic cation transporter 2 (hOCT2) mediates the development of specific toxicities to the proximal tubule self. On the other hand, expression of the Multidrug- and Toxin-Extrusion protein 1 (MATE1) in the urine-facing membrane of proximal tubules cells is negatively associated with CDDP nephrotoxicity. The OCT2 is present also in other cells such as cells of the dorsal root ganglia and of the cochlea and may be co-responsible for CDDP peripheral neurotoxicity and ototoxicity. CDDP is a potent cytostatic drug which is curative against testicular cancer but whose use is limited by its severe acute and chronic unwanted toxicities. In this project the molecular mechanisms of CDDP toxicities and their dependence on transporters were investigated by performing proteomic, phosphoproteomic, and degradomic analysis of the kidneys from wild type (WT) mice and mice with genetic deletion of OCT2 after acute or chronic treatment with CDDP. Moreover, it has been investigated whether OCT2 and MATE1 are suitable targets of protective interventions aimed at reducing undesired side effects of chemotherapy with CDDP in kidney, cochlea and neuronal cells. Specifically, we have examined whether inhibition or regulation of these transporters is able to decrease CDDP toxicities in vitro, and whether autophagy activation can protect cells against toxicities from platinum derivatives.

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