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Probing the role of pre-aggregation in rhodamine-based organic photocatalysis: a combined computational and single-molecule approach

Subject Area Physical Chemistry of Molecules, Liquids and Interfaces, Biophysical Chemistry
Term from 2020 to 2023
Project identifier Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) - Project number 439215932
 
Final Report Year 2024

Final Report Abstract

A photon of blue light carries sufficient energy to cleave a covalent bond of a molecule, given a suitable catalyst to enable the reaction between substrate compound and reactant photon. Remarkably, organic dye molecules themselves can perform such an operation by consecutive photoelectron transfer: one photon is absorbed by the dye to form a radical state, and a second photon excites the radical to enable transfer of an electron to a substrate compound, breaking a bond. We set out to investigate this process in a model system comprising a rhodamine dye molecule and a bromine benzonitrile acceptor molecule, to explore the effect of changing reaction conditions: photon fluence and substrate concentration. Preliminary experiments, performed on the level of one single dye molecule, appeared to suggest that substrate and photocatalyst pre-associate so that the actual reaction is not limited by molecular diffusion in solution. We therefore also aimed to examine the energetics of such pre-association by excitedstate electronic structure calculations. Adapting existing theory to this problem required substantial efforts on testing and improving the computational methods, but ultimately succeeded. Although this joint theory-experiment project was initially triggered by experiments, we found further exploration of the parameter space available surprisingly challenging. During the course of the project we therefore adapted the experimental aims to explore both some fundamental aspects of photon correlation measurements on the single-molecule level as well as developing new non-linear optical pump-probe schemes, which were also applied to molecule-like twodimensional semiconductors.

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