Effects of a lactation-induced and body condition-dependent mobilization of body reserves on steroid hormone and bile acid metabolism in high-yielding dairy cows
Final Report Abstract
High-yielding dairy cows mobilize body fat reserves (lipolysis) in early lactation, while they build up fat reserves in late lactation and dry period. Cows that had a higher body fat condition before calving show increased lipolysis after calving compared to normally conditioned cows. Parallel to the increased release of lipids from adipose tissue into the blood, substances stored in the adipose tissue are released. Thus, lipophilic steroid hormones stored in the adipose tissue are also released into the bloodstream during lipolysis. As known from human studies, steroids and steroidogenic enzymes can also be relevant locally in adipose tissue during metabolic processes. Like steroids, bile acids are also formed from cholesterol, conjugated in the liver and stored in the gallbladder. In addition to supporting the digestion of dietary fats and fatsoluble vitamins, they can influence metabolic processes such as lipid and glucose metabolism as signaling molecules. This project investigated the influence of the body condition of highyielding dairy cows on steroid hormone and bile acid metabolism in adipose tissue and liver tissue during lactation . Two groups of cows - with high body condition score (HBCS; n = 19) and normal body condition score (NBCS; n = 19) - were studied. The results showed that HBCS cows exhibited increased lipolysis and a potential metabolic disorder - indicated by higher concentrations of free fatty acids and ketone bodies (beta-hydroxybutyrate). In addition to steroid concentrations, bile acid profiles in blood and subcutaneous adipose tissue as well as mRNA expression of steroidogenic enzymes and receptors and enzymes, transporters and receptors in bile acid metabolism in liver and adipose tissue were measured at different time points around calving. The steroid concentrations in the blood as well as in the adipose tissue were strongly influenced by the body condition of the cows. HBCS cows in particular showed an increased release of androgens and progestins after calving, as well as altered enzyme expression in adipose and liver tissue. Furthermore, HBCS cows showed lower serum bile acid concentrations and altered enzyme and receptor expression in adipose and liver tissue compared to NBCS cows. Overall, the results showed that both body condition and lactation have a major influence on steroid and bile acid metabolism in dairy cows.
Publications
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Bile acids in serum and subcutaneous adipose tissue of dairy cows with high versus normal body condition (Gallensäuren im Blut und im subkutanen Fettgewebe bei über- und normalkonditionierten Milchkühen). 76th digital Conference of the Society of Nutrition Physiology, 8.-10.3.2022, Proceedings Soc. Nutr. Physiol 31: 82
Dicks L., Schuh K., Prehn C., Sadri H., Ghaffari M. H., Sauerwein H. & Häussler S.
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Bile acids in serum of dairy cows with high or normal body condition. 73rd Annual Meeting of EAAP, 5.-9.9.2022, Porto, Portugal, Book of Abstracts, p 705
Dicks L., Schuh K., Prehn C., Ghaffari M. H., Sadri H., Sauerwein H. & Häussler S.
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Blood and adipose tissue steroid metabolomics and mRNA expression of steroidogenic enzymes in periparturient dairy cows differing in body condition. Scientific Reports, 12(1).
Schuh, K.; Häussler, S.; Sadri, H.; Prehn, C.; Lintelmann, J.; Adamski, J.; Koch, C.; Frieten, D.; Ghaffari, M. H.; Dusel, G. & Sauerwein, H.
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Bile acids concentrations and their receptor expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue of dairy cows with high versus normal body condition. 77. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Ernährungsphysiologie, 7.-9.3.2023, Göttingen, Germany, Proceedings of the Society of Nutrition Physiology, Vol 32 (Vortrag, Abstr 40)
Dicks L., Schuh K., Prehn C., Ghaffari M. H., Sadri H., Sauerwein H. & Häussler S.
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Effect of over-conditioning around calving on the mRNA abundance of hepatic genes related to bile acid synthesis in dairy cows. Annual Meeting of the American Dairy Science Association, ADSA, 25.-28.6.2023, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (Poster)
Dicks L., Ghaffari M. H., Schuh-van Graevenitz K., Murani E., Sauerwein H. & Häussler S.
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Bile acid profiles and messenger RNA expression of bile acid-related genes in the liver of dairy cows with high versus normal body condition. Journal of Dairy Science, 107(10), 8688-8708.
Dicks, Lena; Schuh-von, Graevenitz Katharina; Prehn, Cornelia; Sadri, Hassan; Ghaffari, Morteza H. & Häussler, Susanne
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Bile acid profiles and mRNA abundance of bile acid-related genes in adipose tissue of dairy cows with high versus normal body condition. Journal of Dairy Science, 107(8), 6288-6307.
Dicks, Lena; Schuh-von, Graevenitz Katharina; Prehn, Cornelia; Sadri, Hassan; Murani, Eduard; Hosseini, Ghaffari Morteza & Häussler, Susanne
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Dissertation (2024): Influence of lactation-induced and condition-dependent mobilization of body fat on bile acid metabolism of high-yielding dairy cows
Lena Dicks
