Understanding the Mechanics of Polymeric Materials in Emerging Electronic Applications – From Molecular Scale to Application
Experimental and Theoretical Physics of Polymers
Solid State and Surface Chemistry, Material Synthesis
Synthesis and Properties of Functional Materials
Preparatory and Physical Chemistry of Polymers
Final Report Abstract
During the Walter Benjamin Programme, I was working on the advancement of understanding the structure-property relationship of polymeric materials for emerging technologies. The main focus was set on the development of precise characterization methodologies for thin film systems via advanced atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques. The goal was to develop a new way to directly measure and map the morphology and material properties beneath the surface. Different procedures for precision physical removal of the surface layers like ion-milling (Ar-beam, focused-ion-beam, and gas-cluster-ion-beam), and tip-based nanomachining were being developed to reveal sub-surface layers. Especially the tip-based nanomachining approach allowed high precision control of the removed surface layers and revealed sub-surface information with only minimal changes in the underlying structure. Furthermore, I investigated the in-situ solid electrolyte interface (SEI) formation and properties via electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (EQCM-D) and in-situ AFM, allowing real-time characterization without air exposure. The study investigates the relationship between the SEI mechanics and cycling performance of lithium metal anodes, finding that cyclability correlates better with the inelastic properties, specifically creep, of the SEI rather than its Young's modulus. Low-performing electrolytes produce SEIs with significant creep, proposed to result from increased organic content, suggesting that the influence of SEI mechanics on lithium deposition is more complex than simple mechanical suppression of wiry lithium morphology. EQCM-D experiments involved Li plating and corrosion studies, with efforts to establish a standard procedure for in-situ testing of viscoelastic properties inside battery materials.
Publications
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In situ genetically targeted chemical assembly of polymers on living neuronal membranes.
Zhang, Anqi; Loh, Kang Yong; Kadur, Chandan S.; Michalek, Lukas; Dou, Jiayi; Ramakrishnan, Charu; Bao, Zhenan & Deisseroth, Karl
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National Nanotechnology Coordinated Infrastructure Image Contest Plenty of Beauty at the Bottom 2022 – “Below the surface – Most Unique Capability” and “Disco in Nano – Most Whimsical”
Kelly Liu
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Realizing Intrinsically Stretchable Semiconducting Polymer Films by Nontoxic Additives. ACS Materials Letters, 4(11), 2328-2336.
Cheng, Hao-Wen; Zhang, Song; Michalek, Lukas; Ji, Xiaozhou; Luo, Shaochuan; Cooper, Christopher B.; Gong, Huaxin; Nikzad, Shayla; Chiong, Jerika A.; Wu, Yilei; Zheng, Yu; Liu, Qianhe; Zhong, Donglai; Lei, Yusheng; Tomo, Yoko; Wei, Kung-Hwa; Zhou, Dongshan; Tok, Jeffrey B.-H. & Bao, Zhenan
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Autonomous alignment and healing in multilayer soft electronics using immiscible dynamic polymers. Science, 380(6648), 935-941.
Cooper, Christopher B.; Root, Samuel E.; Michalek, Lukas; Wu, Shuai; Lai, Jian-Cheng; Khatib, Muhammad; Oyakhire, Solomon T.; Zhao, Renee; Qin, Jian & Bao, Zhenan
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Degradable semiconducting polymers without long-range order for on-demand degradation of transient electronics. Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 11(43), 15205-15214.
Chiong, Jerika A.; Michalek, Lukas; Peña-Alcántara, Amnahir E.; Ji, Xiaozhou; Schuster, Nathaniel J. & Bao, Zhenan
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Effect of Molecular Weight on the Morphology of a Polymer Semiconductor–Thermoplastic Elastomer Blend. Advanced Electronic Materials, 9(9).
Peña‐Alcántara, Amnahir; Nikzad, Shayla; Michalek, Lukas; Prine, Nathaniel; Wang, Yunfei; Gong, Huaxin; Ponte, Elisa; Schneider, Sebastian; Wu, Yilei; Root, Samuel E.; He, Mingqian; Tok, Jeffrey B.‐H.; Gu, Xiaodan & Bao, Zhenan
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Environmentally stable and stretchable polymer electronics enabled by surface-tethered nanostructured molecular-level protection. Nature Nanotechnology, 18(10), 1175-1184.
Zheng, Yu; Michalek, Lukas; Liu, Qianhe; Wu, Yilei; Kim, Hyunjun; Sayavong, Philaphon; Yu, Weilai; Zhong, Donglai; Zhao, Chuanzhen; Yu, Zhiao; Chiong, Jerika A.; Gong, Huaxin; Ji, Xiaozhou; Liu, Deyu; Zhang, Song; Prine, Nathaniel; Zhang, Zhitao; Wang, Weichen; Tok, Jeffrey B.-H. ... & Bao, Zhenan
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Genetically targeted chemical assembly of polymers specifically localized extracellularly to surface membranes of living neurons. Science Advances, 9(32).
Zhang, Anqi; Loh, Kang Yong; Kadur, Chandan S.; Michalek, Lukas; Dou, Jiayi; Ramakrishnan, Charu; Bao, Zhenan & Deisseroth, Karl
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Shear-aligned large-area organic semiconductor crystals through extended π–π interaction. Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 11(26), 8992-9001.
Zhang, Song; Talnack, Felix; Jousselin-Oba, Tanguy; Bhat, Vinayak; Wu, Yilei; Lei, Yusheng; Tomo, Yoko; Gong, Huaxin; Michalek, Lukas; Zhong, Donglai; Wu, Can; Yassar, Abderrahim; Mannsfeld, Stefan; Risko, Chad; Frigoli, Michel & Bao, Zhenan
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Tunable 1D and 2D Polyacrylonitrile Nanosheet Superstructures. ACS Nano, 17(18), 18392-18401.
Gong, Huaxin; Patino, Diego Uruchurtu; Ilavsky, Jan; Kuzmenko, Ivan; Peña-Alcántara, Amnahir Estefania; Zhu, Chenhui; Coffey, Aidan H.; Michalek, Lukas; Elabd, Ahmed; Gao, Xin; Chen, Shucheng; Xu, Chengyi; Yan, Hongping; Jiang, Yuanwen; Wang, Weichen; Peng, Yucan; Zeng, Yitian; Lyu, Hao; Moon, Hanul & Bao, Zhenan
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Tuning the Mobility of Indacenodithiophene-Based Conjugated Polymers via Coplanar Backbone Engineering. Chemistry of Materials, 36(1), 256-265.
Ji, Xiaozhou; Cheng, Hao-Wen; Schuster, Nathaniel J.; LeCroy, Garrett S.; Zhang, Song; Wu, Yilei; Michalek, Lukas; Nguyen, Bao-Nguyen T.; Chiong, Jerika A.; Schrock, Max; Tomo, Yoko; Rech, Jeromy; Salleo, Alberto; Gam, Sangah; Lee, Gae Hwang; Tok, Jeffrey B.-H. & Bao, Zhenan
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“Stanford Emerging Technology Review 2023 – A Report on Ten Key Technologies and Their Policy Implications – 4 Materials Science” | Entire Report: C. Rice, J. B. Taylor, J. Widom, A. Zegart, H. S. Lin
Z. Bao, L. Michalek & S. Cestellos-Blanco
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Sequence-dependent self-assembly of supramolecular nanofibers in periodic dynamic block copolymers. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 12(2), 1145-1156.
Phong, Jason K.; Cooper, Christopher B.; Michalek, Lukas; Lin, Yangju; Nishio, Yuya; Shi, Yuran; Gong, Huaxin; Vigil, Julian A.; Ilavsky, Jan; Kuzmenko, Ivan & Bao, Zhenan
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Shape-memory-assisted self-healing of macroscopic punctures via high-energy-density periodic dynamic polymers with tunable actuation temperature. Matter, 7(6), 2108-2124.
Shi, Yuran; Cooper, Christopher B.; Nogusa, Tomoko; Lai, Jian-Cheng; Lyu, Hao; Khatib, Muhammad; Xu, Chengyi; Michalek, Lukas & Bao, Zhenan
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Tuning polymer-backbone coplanarity and conformational order to achieve high-performance printed all-polymer solar cells. Nature Communications, 15(1).
Wu, Yilei; Yuan, Yue; Sorbelli, Diego; Cheng, Christina; Michalek, Lukas; Cheng, Hao-Wen; Jindal, Vishal; Zhang, Song; LeCroy, Garrett; Gomez, Enrique D.; Milner, Scott T.; Salleo, Alberto; Galli, Giulia; Asbury, John B.; Toney, Michael F. & Bao, Zhenan
