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Projekt Druckansicht

GRK 1482:  Mittlerfunktion des Darmes zwischen luminalen Faktoren und Signalen des Wirtes

Fachliche Zuordnung Medizin
Mikrobiologie, Virologie und Immunologie
Förderung Förderung von 2008 bis 2017
Projektkennung Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) - Projektnummer 48329094
 
Erstellungsjahr 2018

Zusammenfassung der Projektergebnisse

The GRK 1482 brings together a unique spectrum of experts from nutrition, biology, human physiology, food microbiology and the medical sciences for research on the gastrointestinal tract in health and disease states. Research of the last decade has brought to light that the intestine is a prime organ in control of mammalian energy and nutrient metabolism by its endocrine functions and in hosting a complex microbiota of commensal bacteria that contribute to inflammatory processes and immune functions. Lifestyle changes in the industrialized world, including a high caloric intake (over-nutrition), are associated with a sharp increase in the incidence of chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis as well obesity-driven dysregulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. The GRK with its different projects addresses some of the important environmental and dietary factors that contribute on the background of genetic predispositions to disease development. The gastrointestinal tract acts as an important barrier and communication organ at the interface between the luminal environment, including nutritional and microbial factors, and the host. Signals derived from this interplay are transmitted through epithelial, immune, neuronal and hormonal networks and affect intestinal functions as well as peripheral tissues of the host. Inflammatory processes play a particular role in shaping these interactions towards a disease susceptible milieu that favors the development of chronic disorders including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and obesity-driven metabolic dysregulation. Nutrition and gut luminal factors such as microbes are most likely the prime environmental factors that not only determine a healthy gut phenotype but also shape a disease-conditioning situation in the susceptible host. Although substantial progress has been made in identifying genetic variations associated with IBD, obesity and type-2 diabetes, striking evidence has been generated in both immune-mediated and metabolic disorders demonstrating that environmental triggers are the driving force for chronic disease development. Mechanisms that determine the transition from physiological functions in healthy subjects towards disease-relevant situations are critical to understand in the life-long exposure to nutritional factors and commensal microbes. Specifically, the number of bacterial cells constituting the intestinal microbiome roughly matches the cellularity of the human body (3.8 x 10^13). On the metagenomics level, this enormous microbial mass entails a striking degree of genetic variation that contributes to the complexity of systemic control mechanisms, and comes more and more into the focus of metabolic functions and disorders. There can be no doubt that the intestinal interface as a barrier and communication organ between microbes and its host plays a pivotal role in this interaction. Bacteria are crucial determinants in chronic inflammatory disorders and IBD serves as a paradigm to study the principles of microbe-host interactions in the gut. The potential for future development and innovation lies within the interaction of disease categories and the gut interface as therapeutic target.

Projektbezogene Publikationen (Auswahl)

 
 

Zusatzinformationen

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