Covid-19 als Beschleuniger sozialer Ungleichheit- kleinräumige Analysen mit deutschen Nachbarschaftsdaten
Zusammenfassung der Projektergebnisse
The spread of Sars-Cov2 virus as well as vaccine hesitancy and working from home developed quite differently between and within regions. In this project, we aimed to fill the gaps of missing small-scale regional data and analyses on the pandemic and its effects. WP 1 "Data collection": In the first working package we collected different (regional) data on Sars-Cov2 infections and vaccinations as well as working from home. First of all, we conducted 3 surveys with about 10,000 respondents. Besides socio demographic information, the surveys cover questions on infections, vaccination and vaccination of children as well as working from home and statefunded short-time work (Kurzarbeit). The information was extended by information on the residential neighborhood of the respondents. Based on the surveys, we predicted small-scale (city districts, Ortsteile) vaccination rates based on regional characteristics and survey results as well as working from home rates on postcode level. Additionally, we collected data on infections for city districts and municipalities by web scraping and cooperations. The data will be published on the FDZ Ruhr webpage. WP 2 "Disadvantaged neighborhoods: housing, vaccination and the dynamics of infections": In this working package, we produced five working papers on housing, dynamics of infection rates and socio-economic determinants of vaccination against COVID-19. We observe in a case study of the city of Essen how infection dynamics are stronger in neighborhoods with worse housing situations. In terms of vaccination we repeat a common pattern from the literature that educational achievement is correlated with vaccination willings. However, we do not find education to be causal for vaccination in a specific subsample of older individuals with low educational achievement. We also describe and explain regional variations in vaccination against COVID-19 and who the parents are who vaccinate themselves but not their children. Finally, we find that households from poorer neighborhoods were hit stronger by the pandemic and that their children have a lower likelihood to transit from primary school to the academic school track. WP 3 "Working arrangements and local breakout dynamics": This working package has produced a working paper currently under review at a leading economics journal, a well-received policy publication accompanied by a press release and a video, and has initiated several follow-up research projects. Our main result is a study on the impact of increased working from home (WFH) on economic activity and consumer spending in cities. With this paper, we are the first to estimate the causal impact of WFH on the microgeography of consumer spending in urban agglomerations. Our analysis draws on card transaction data and WFH patterns in German cities between January 2019 and May 2022. Using the spatially differential exposure to the WFH shock induced by Covid-19, we estimate that local spending increases by 2–3 percent per standard deviation higher pre-pandemic untapped WFH potential. The effects suggest that the relocation of consumption within cities persist beyond the pandemic. Our findings have important implications for the future of cities and inform academics, policymakers, and the wider public.
Projektbezogene Publikationen (Auswahl)
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Die Innenstadt als Konsumzentrum: Ein Opfer von Corona und Homeoffice?, ifo Schnelldienst 75(10), 53-57
Alipour, J.-V., O. Falck, S. Krause, C. Krolage, and S. Wichert
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The Future of Work and Consumption in Cities After the Pandemic: Evidence From Germany, CESifo Working Paper No. 10000
Alipour, J.-V., O. Falck, S. Krause, C. Krolage, and S. Wichert
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Datenbeschreibung Kleinräumige Covid 19-Daten
Schaffner, S., Schweitzer, M. and N. Wägner
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Do school closures increase educational inequality?
Breidenbach, P., L. Hörnig and S. Schaffner
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Housing situations and local COVID-19 infection dynamics using small-area data. Scientific Reports, 13(1).
Freise, Diana; Schiele, Valentin & Schmitz, Hendrik
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Vaccinate Yourself but not Your Children? Determinants of Parental COVID-19 Vaccination Willingness. SSRN Electronic Journal (2023).
Hörnig, Valentin Lukas; Schaffner, Sandra & Schmitz, Hendrik
