Tsunami Risiken, Vulnerabilität und Resilizenz in der Phang-Nga Provinz, Thailand - Entwicklung einer Methodik zur Risikoermittlung und Risikominderung (Tsunami Risk and Information Tool = TRAIT)
Zusammenfassung der Projektergebnisse
The project „Tsunami Risks, Vulnerability and Resilience in the Phang-Nga and Phuket Provinces, Thailand” (TRAIT) was part of a bi-national Thai-German research initiative to study the impacts of the 2004 mega-tsunami. The project, financed by DFG and BMZ, was carried out by a research consortium of Geography Departments at Kiel, Hannover and Munich Universities and with strong partners on the Thai side (Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Khon Kaen University and WWF Thailand). Focusing on four different communities along the Andaman Sea coast TRAIT took on a fully integrated approach, addressing both the hazard side (=tsunami) and the vulnerability side (impacts, long-term effects) of this disaster. Basically following the conceptual framework of Turner et al. (2003), the project successfully analyzed the three components which determine the region’s and communities’ vulnerability against tsunamis: exposure, sensitivity and resilience. In doing so, a comprehensive vulnerability assessment concept, which integrated ecological, economic and social vulnerability aspects, was adopted and provided a basis for (future) tsunami risk management in the coastal zone. On the methodological side a wide variety of environmental and social science methods were used, with a strong focus on the applicability and limitations of remote sensing techniques. The following achievements and project results are highlighted: A Digital Terrain Model/ DTM was built for the study area through an aerial survey; Based on this, a tsunami inundation model, including surface roughness (Manning) parameters, was created both for hindcasting and forecasting tsunami wave propagation and flooding; Coastal forests, especially mangroves have a dampening effect on tsunami waves; The resilience of most coastal ecosystems in post-tsunami time is high, but recovery takes (several) years, especially in the coastal forests; Economic vulnerability strongly depends on various household or community structures and social factors, but dominance of the tourism sector increases a community’s vulnerability; The experience with the 2004 tsunami disaster has strongly increased risk awareness on household level; also coping capacity and adaptation at community level are significantly higher now than before but might wear off in the years to come; Remote sensing data from satellites (e.g. IKONOS) are a powerful tool for risk zoning and thus for supporting risk management, but always have to be complemented by (biophysical and social) field techniques. With respect to the general significance of the TRAIT project results for hazard research, most of the key findings of the project hold explicit values for further studies on coastal risk management. These findings could only have been produced through excellent team work between all German and Thai project partners.
Projektbezogene Publikationen (Auswahl)
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(2009): Modeling tsunami inundation for risk analysis at the Andaman Sea Coast of Thailand. Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vol. 11, EGU2009-12704-1, 2009, EGU General Assembly 2009
Kaiser, G.; Kortenhaus A.
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(2009): Potentiale der Fernerkundung zur Abschätzung von Tsunami-Vulnerabilität an der Andamanküste Südthailands. In. (Vött, A. & Brückner, H (Hrsg.) Ergebnisse aktueller Küstenforschung. Marburger Geographische Schriften 145, 179 – 195
Römer, H., Ludwig, R., Sterr, H. & Kaiser, G.
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(2009): Tsunamigefährdung an den Küsten Thailands – was lehrt uns die Katastrophe von 2004?. Geographische Rundschau, 12/2009; 28 – 35
Sterr, H., Kaiser, G., Römer, H., Willroth, P., Revilla-Diez, J. & Ludwig, R.
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(2009): Ökonomische Vulnerabilität von Unternehmen und Haushalten in Khao Lak, Südthailand. Annual Meeting of the Scientific Research Group on Southeast Asia – German Geographical Society. 04 July 2009. Cologne
Willroth, P.
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(2010): Modelling the economic vulnerability of households in the Phang-Nga Province (Thailand) to natural disasters. In: Nat. Hazards
Willroth, P., Revilla Diez; J. and Arunotai, N.
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(2010): Use of high resolution geodata for inundation modelling as part of a tsunami risk assessment in thailand. In: Schwarzer, K., Schrottke, K., Stattegger, K. (eds.). From Brazil to Thailand - New Results in Coastal Research. Coastline Reports (16), pp. 25-34
Kaiser, G., Römer, H., Arp, D., Sterr, H., Ludwig, R.
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(2010): Using remote sensing to assess tsunami-induced impacts on coastal forest ecosystems at the Andaman Sea coast of Thailand. In: Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 10, 729-745
Römer, H., Kaiser, G., Sterr, H., and Ludwig, R.
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(2011): Monitoring posttsunami vegetation recovery in Phang-Nga province, Thailand, based on IKONOS imagery and field investigations – a contribution to the analysis of tsunami vulnerability of coastal ecosystems. In: Int. Journal of Remote Sensing; 33 / 10; 1-32
Römer, H., Jeewarongkakul, J., Kaiser, G., Ludwig, R. and Sterr. H.
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(2011): The influence of land cover roughness on the results of high resolution tsunami inundation modeling. In: Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 11, 2521–2540
Kaiser G., Scheele L., Kortenhaus A., Løvholt F., Römer H. and Leschka, S.
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(2012): Der Mega-Tsunami 2004 und seine vielfältigen Nachwirkungen - Analysen aus der Phang-Nga Provinz, Thailand. Thailand Rundschau 2012
Sterr, H.
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(2012): Potential of remote sensing techniques for tsunami hazard and vulnerability analysis – a case study from Phang-Nga province, Thailand. In: Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 12, 2103-2126
Römer, H., Willroth, P., Kaiser, G., Vafeidis, A., Ludwig, R., Sterr, H., and Revilla-Diez, J.
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(2012): Socio-economic vulnerability of coastal communities in southern Thailand: The development of adaptation strategies. In: Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. 12 (8): 2647-2658
Willroth, P., F. Massmann, R. Wehrhahn und J. Revilla-Diez
