Biomineralisation in Kieselschwämmen: Expression und funktionelle Charakterisierung des Kieselsäuretransporters und der Silica-synthetisierenden/abbauenden Enzyme

• Antragsteller: Professor Dr. Heinz C. Schröder
• Fachliche Zuordnung: Biochemie
• Förderung: Förderung von 2003 bis 2008
• Projektkennung: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) - Projektnummer 5406924

• Erstellungsjahr: 2013

Zusammenfassung der Projektergebnisse

Siliceous sponges, the the oldest still extant multicellular animals, have the amazing ability to form highly ordered skeletons of amorphous silica. The synthesis of the structural elements, the spicules is under genetic control. In this project we identified and cloned, from the marine sponge Suberites domuncula, further isoforms of silicatein, the enzyme that forms polymeric silica from monomeric precursors in solution. In addition, we identified the first enzyme, silicase, that is able to degrade amorphous silica, as well as the first silicon transporter, NBCSA cotransporter, from a metazoan (sponge) organism. The function and the mechanism of these enzymes/proteins in biosilicification were studied using different techniques. Moreover, the posttranslational modification of silicatein, as well as the dynamics of the differential expression of the enzymes (silicateins, silicase) and proteins (silicon transporter) involved in biosilica metabolism, was investigated using primmorphs as a model system for studying spiculogenesis. The results obtained in the frame of this project contribute not only to the understanding of the principles of one important mechanism of biomineralization – biosilicification – but also allow the development of new strategies for the application of silica, formed via an enzymatic mechanism, in biomedicine and technique.

Projektbezogene Publikationen (Auswahl)

• Silica transport in the demosponge Suberites domuncula: fluorescence emission analysis using the PDMPO probe and cloning of a potential transporter. Biochem. J. 381 (2004) 665-673
  Schröder HC, Perović-Ottstadt S, Rothenberger M, Wiens M, Schwertner H, Batel R, Korzhev M, Müller IM, Müller WEG
  
• Arginine kinase in the demosponge Suberites domuncula: regulation of its expression and catalytic activity by silicic acid. J. Exp. Biol. 208 (2005) 637-646
  Perović-Ottstadt S, Wiens M, Schröder HC, Batel R, Giovine M, Krasko A, Müller IM, Müller WEG
  
• Biosilica formation in spicules of the sponge Suberites domuncula: Synchronous expression of a gene cluster. Genomics 85 (2005) 666-678
  Schröder HC, Perović-Ottstadt S, Grebenjuk VA, Engel S, Müller IM, Müller WEG
  
• Formation of siliceous spicules in the marine demosponge Suberites domuncula. Cell Tissue Res. 321 (2005) 285-297
  Müller WEG, Rothenberger M, Boreiko A, Tremel W, Reiber A, Schröder HC
  
• A histochemical and electron microscopic analysis of the spiculogenesis in the demosponge Suberites domuncula. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 54 (2006) 1031-1040
  Eckert C, Schröder HC, Brandt D, Perovic-Ottstadt S, Müller WEG
  
• Co-expression and functional interaction of silicatein with galectin: Matrixguided formation of siliceous spicules in the marine demosponge Suberites domuncula. J. Biol. Chem. 281 (2006) 12001-12009
  Schröder HC, Boreiko A, Korzhev M, Tahir MN, Tremel W, Eckert C, Ushijima H, Müller IM, Müller WEG
  
• Analysis of the axial filament in spicules of the demosponge Geodia cydonium: Different silicatein composition in microscleres (asters) and megascleres (oxeas and triaenes). Eur. J. Cell Biol. 86 (2007) 473-487
  Müller WEG, Schloßmacher U, Eckert C, Krasko A, Boreiko A, Ushijima H, Wolf SE, Tremel W, Müller IM, Schröder HC
  
• Apposition of silica lamellae during growth of spicules in the demosponge Suberites domuncula: biological/biochemical studies and chemical/biomimetical confirmation. J. Struct. Biol. 159 (2007) 325-334
  Schröder HC, Natalio F, Shukoor I, Tremel W, Schloßmacher U, Wang X, Müller WEG
  
• Enzymatic production of biosilica glass using enzymes from sponges: basic aspects and application in nanobiotechnology (material sciences and medicine). Naturwissenschaften 94 (2007) 339-359
  H.C. Schröder, D. Brandt, U. Schloßmacher, X. Wang, M.N. Tahir, W. Tremel, S.I. Belikov and W.E.G. Müller
  
• Fractal-related assembly of the axial filament in the demosponge Suberites domuncula: Relevance to biomineralization and the formation of biogenic silica. Biomaterials 28 (2007) 4501-4511
  Müller WEG, Boreiko A, Schloßmacher U, Wang X, Tahir MN, Tremel W., Brandt D, Kaandorp JA, Schröder HC
  
• Silicateins, the major biosilica forming enzymes present in demosponges: Protein analysis and phylogenetic relationship. Gene 395 (2007) 62-71
  Müller WEG, Boreiko A, Wang X, Belikov SI, Wiens M, Grebenjuk VA, Schloßmacher U, Schröder HC
  
• Biofabrication of biosilica-glass by living organisms. Nat. Prod. Rep. 25 (2008) 455-474
  Schröder HC, Wang X, Tremel W, Ushijima H, Müller WEG