Treg-Derived GDF15 as a Central Regulator of ILC2-Mediated Inflammation in Asthma and Obesity

• Applicant: Dr. Hanna Nowotny
• Subject Area: Clinical Immunology and Allergology ; Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolism
• Term: since 2026
• Project identifier: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) - Project number 579370614

Asthma is among the most common chronic diseases worldwide and is particularly severe and therapy-resistant in individuals with obesity. The mechanisms underlying this association remain poorly understood, especially at the interface of immune regulation and metabolic control. Preliminary studies indicate that the regulatory T cell–derived factor GDF15 represents a central link between immune dysfunction and metabolic imbalance. It has been shown that GDF15, through its receptor GFRAL, specifically activates type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), thereby promoting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This mechanism appears to drive both airway inflammation and metabolic dysregulation. The aim of this project is to elucidate the role of the newly identified Treg-GDF15/GFRAL–ILC2 axis in the pathogenesis of asthma in the context of obesity. By characterizing this immunometabolic pathway, the project seeks to uncover fundamental mechanisms through which metabolic dysfunction exacerbates asthma and to provide the basis for novel therapeutic strategies at the intersection of immunology and metabolism.

• DFG Programme: WBP Fellowship
• International Connection: USA
• Host: Professor Talal Chatila, Ph.D.