EXC 257:  NeuroCure - neue Perspektiven in der Therapie neurologischer Erkrankungen

• Fachliche Zuordnung: Neurowissenschaften
• Förderung: Förderung von 2007 bis 2018
• Projektkennung: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) - Projektnummer 39052203

• Erstellungsjahr: 2019

Zusammenfassung der Projektergebnisse

Neurologische und psychiatrische Erkrankungen stellen eine zunehmende Belastung für die Gesellschaft dar. Die ihnen zugrundeliegenden molekularen und pathophysiologischen Mechanismen sind großteils ungeklärt. Gleichzeitig ist die Translation, also der Transfer von Erkenntnissen aus der Grundlagenforschung in die klinische Anwendung, oft schwierig. Vor diesem Hintergrund setzte NeuroCure sich zum Ziel, die Zusammenarbeit zwischen Grundlagen- und klinischen Forscher*innen zu verbessern und so Entwicklung und Anwendung neuer Therapien und diagnostischer Verfahren voranzutreiben. Um die kritische Masse für exzellente Forschung in den Neurowissenschaften zu erreichen, haben wir über 25 herausragende Wissenschaftler*innen berufen, unter ihnen exzellente Forscherinnen und vielversprechende Nachwuchswissenschaftler*innen. Deren Integration in das bestehende Wissenschaftsumfeld wurde durch Kooperationsprojekte mit stark interdisziplinärem und translationalem Fokus gefördert. Über Visiting Fellow-Programme gewannen wir zudem viele internationale Expert*innen, darunter Nobelpreisträger, für Forschungsaufenthalte in Berlin. Exzellente Forschung beruht auch wesentlich auf der Entwicklung neuer Technologien. NeuroCure hat daher verschiedene Technologieplattformen etabliert, die hochmoderne Geräte und Expertise zur Verfügung stellen, z.B. im Bereich Imaging und der automatisierten Verhaltensanalyse von Tiermodellen verschiedener Krankheiten. Ferner bietet das NeuroCure Clinical Research Center als ambulante klinische Einrichtung administrative und logistische Unterstützung bei der Durchführung qualitativ hochwertiger klinischer Studien. Erfolgreiche Translation erfordert zudem ein ausgeprägt interdisziplinäres Denken. NeuroCure entwickelte daher ein internationales MSc/PhD-Programm mit dem Schwerpunkt interdisziplinäre Forschung und Translation, das eine umfassende Ausbildung mit Beratung durch erfahrene Neurowissenschaftler*innen über die Fachdisziplinen hinweg bietet. Weiterhin setzte sich NeuroCure zum Ziel, die Chancengleichheit innerhalb des Clusters und seiner Partnerinstitutionen zu fördern und trieb durch viele Maßnahmen die Rekrutierung exzellenter Wissenschaftlerinnen in höhere akademische Positionen voran. Um Ausbildung und Zusammenarbeit über die institutionellen Grenzen hinweg zu verbessern, gründete NeuroCure zusammen mit seinen Partnerinstitutionen das Einsteinzentrum für Neurowissenschaften. Durch diese umfangreichen Maßnahmen hat NeuroCure die Zusammenarbeit zwischen klinischen und präklinischen Forscher*innen maßgeblich gestärkt. Der Erfolg des Clusters ist durch viele herausragende Publikationen und einen deutlichen Anstieg der Förderung kollaborativer Forschungsprojekte in Berlin dokumentiert. In Zukunft werden wir diese Dynamik weiter nutzen, um Berlin nachhaltig in eine Spitzenposition in den translationalen Neurowissenschaften zu bringen.

Link zum Abschlussbericht

https://doi.org/10.2314/KXP:1698804903

Projektbezogene Publikationen (Auswahl)

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• Sip1 regulates sequential fate decisions by feedback signaling from postmitotic neurons to progenitors. Nat Neurosci, 2009. 12:1373-1380
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• Synaptic PRG-1 modulates excitatory transmission via lipid phosphate-mediated signaling. Cell, 2009. 138:1222-1235
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• An embedded subnetwork of highly active neurons in the neocortex. Neuron, 2010. 68:1043-1050
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• Impact of spikelets on hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cell activity during spatial exploration. Science, 2010. 327:474-477
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• RIM-binding protein, a central part of the active zone, is essential for neurotransmitter release. Science, 2011. 334:1565-1569
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• Suppressing immunosuppression after stroke. N Engl J Med, 2011. 365:2134-2136
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• Autistic-like behaviours and hyperactivity in mice lacking ProSAP1/Shank2. Nature, 2012. 486:256-260
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• Segregation of axonal and somatic activity during fast network oscillations. Science, 2012. 336:1458-1461
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• The cellular basis of GABA(B)-mediated interhemispheric inhibition. Science, 2012. 335:989-993
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• The transcription factor c-Maf controls touch receptor development and function. Science, 2012. 335:1373-1376
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• Functional and structural brain changes in anti-N-methyl-D- aspartate receptor encephalitis. Ann Neurol, 2013. 74:284-296
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• Identifying the perfusion deficit in acute stroke with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Ann Neurol, 2013. 73:136-140
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• Restoring polyamines protects from age-induced memory impairment in an autophagydependent manner. Nat Neurosci, 2013. 16:1453-1460
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• Spatiotemporal control of endocytosis by phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate. Nature, 2013. 499:233-237
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• Sugar for the brain: the role of glucose in physiological and pathological brain function. Trends Neurosci, 2013. 36:587-597
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• Ultrafast endocytosis at mouse hippocampal synapses. Nature, 2013. 504:242
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• Clathrin regenerates synaptic vesicles from endosomes. Nature, 2014. 515:228-233
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• Cortical fosGFP expression reveals broad receptive field excitatory neurons targeted by POm. Neuron, 2014. 84:1065-1078
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• Deep brain stimulation suppresses pallidal low frequency activity in patients with phasic dystonic movements. Brain, 2014. 137:3012-3024
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• Different patterns of local field potentials from limbic DBS targets in patients with major depressive and obsessive compulsive disorder. Mol Psychiatry, 2014. 19:1186-1192
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• Effect of the use of ambulance-based thrombolysis on time to thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA, 2014. 311:1622-1631
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• Grid-layout and theta-modulation of layer 2 pyramidal neurons in medial entorhinal cortex. Science, 2014. 343:891-896
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• Identification of LRRC8 heteromers as an essential component of the volume-regulated anion channel VRAC. Science, 2014. 344:634-638
  Voss FK, Ullrich F, Munch J, Lazarow K, Lutter D, Mah N, Andrade-Navarro MA, von Kries JP, Stauber T, Jentsch TJ
  
• MutationTaster2: mutation prediction for the deepsequencing age. Nat Methods, 2014. 11:361-362
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• Photoinactivation of glutamate receptors by genetically encoded unnatural amino acids. J Neurosci, 2014. 34:980-991
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• Regulation of the mammalian elongation cycle by subunit rolling: a eukaryotic-specific ribosome rearrangement. Cell, 2014. 158:121-131
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• Beyond Molecular Codes: Simple Rules to Wire Complex Brains. Cell, 2015. 163:285-291
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• Functional Diversity of Subicular Principal Cells during Hippocampal Ripples. J Neurosci, 2015. 35:13608-13618
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• Immune attack: the role of inflammation in Alzheimer disease. Nat Rev Neurosci, 2015. 16:358-372
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• Impact of peripheral myeloid cells on amyloid-beta pathology in Alzheimer’s disease-like mice. J Exp Med, 2015. 212:1811-1818
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• Optogenetic acidification of synaptic vesicles and lysosomes. Nat Neurosci, 2015. 18:1845-1852
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• Presynaptic spinophilin tunes neurexin signalling to control active zone architecture and function. Nat Commun, 2015. 6:8362
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• Prevention of stroke-associated pneumonia: where next? Lancet, 2015. 386:1802-1804
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• Proteotoxic stress and ageing triggers the loss of redox homeostasis across cellular compartments. EMBO J, 2015. 34:2334-2349
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• Robust research: Institutions must do their part for reproducibility. Nature, 2015. 525:25-27
  Begley CG, Buchan AM, Dirnagl U
  
• Structural snapshots of actively translating human ribosomes. Cell, 2015. 161:845-857
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• The Developmental Rules of Neural Superposition in Drosophila. Cell, 2015. 162:120-133
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• Tracking CNS and systemic sources of oxidative stress during the course of chronic neuroinflammation. Acta Neuropathol, 2015. 130:799-814
  Mossakowski AA, Pohlan J, Bremer D, Lindquist R, Millward JM, Bock M, Pollok K, Mothes R, Viohl L, Radbruch M, Gerhard J, Bellmann-Strobl J, Behrens J, Infante-Duarte C, Mahler A, Boschmann M, Rinnenthal JL, Fuchtemeier M, Herz J, Pache FC, Bardua M, Priller J, Hauser AE, Paul F, Niesner R, Radbruch H
  
• Active zone scaffolds differentially accumulate Unc13 isoforms to tune Ca(2+) channel-vesicle coupling. Nat Neurosci, 2016. 19:1311-1320
  Bohme MA, Beis C, Reddy-Alla S, Reynolds E, Mampell MM, Grasskamp AT, Lutzkendorf J, Bergeron DD, Driller JH, Babikir H, Gottfert F, Robinson IM, O’Kane CJ, Hell SW, Wahl MC, Stelzl U, Loll B, Walter AM, Sigrist SJ
  
• Autophagosome Formation by Endophilin Keeps Synapses in Shape. Neuron, 2016. 92:675-677
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• Brain networks modulated by subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation. Brain, 2016. 139:2503-2515
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• Disruption of Kcc2-dependent inhibition of olfactory bulb output neurons suggests its importance in odour discrimination. Nat Commun, 2016. 7:12043
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• High-fat diet-induced brain region-specific phenotypic spectrum of CNS resident microglia. Acta Neuropathol, 2016. 132:361-375
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• Loss of MeCP2 disrupts cell autonomous and autocrine BDNF signaling in mouse glutamatergic neurons. Elife, 2016. 5:e19374
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• Mutations in Subunits of the Activating Signal Cointegrator 1 Complex Are Associated with Prenatal Spinal Muscular Atrophy and Congenital Bone Fractures. Am J Hum Genet, 2016. 98:473-489
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• Neural correlates of ticklishness in the rat somatosensory cortex. Science, 2016. 354:757-760
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• Resident microglia rather than peripheral macrophages promote vascularization in brain tumors and are source of alternative pro-angiogenic factors. Acta Neuropathol, 2016. 131:365-378
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• RIM-binding protein 2 regulates release probability by fine-tuning calcium channel localization at murine hippocampal synapses. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2016. 113:11615-11620
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• Scattering compensation by focus scanning holographic aberration probing (F-SHARP). Nature Photonics, 2016. 11:116-123
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• Spermidine Suppresses Age-Associated Memory Impairment by Preventing Adverse Increase of Presynaptic Active Zone Size and Release. PLoS Biol, 2016. 14:e1002563
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• Structural Hippocampal Damage Following Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis. Biol Psychiatry, 2016. 79:727-734
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• Superactivation of AMPA receptors by auxiliary proteins. Nat Commun, 2016. 7:10178
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• The role of microglia and macrophages in glioma maintenance and progression. Nat Neurosci, 2016. 19:20-27
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• Where Have All the Rodents Gone? The Effects of Attrition in Experimental Research on Cancer and Stroke. PLoS Biol, 2016. 14:e1002331
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• Bortezomib for treatment of therapy-refractory anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. Neurology, 2017. 88:366-370
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• Cognition-mediated evolution of low-quality floral nectars. Science, 2017. 355:75-78
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• Control of AMPA receptor activity by the extracellular loops of auxiliary proteins. Elife, 2017. 6:e28680
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• Cortical dendritic activity correlates with spindle-rich oscillations during sleep in rodents. Nat Commun, 2017. 8:684
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• Dendritic calcium spikes are clearly detectable at the cortical surface. Nat Commun, 2017. 8:276
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• Fructosedriven glycolysis supports anoxia resistance in the naked mole-rat. Science, 2017. 356:307-311
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• Heterodimerization of Munc13 C2A domain with RIM regulates synaptic vesicle docking and priming. Nat Commun, 2017. 8:15293
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• Layer-Specific Organization of Local Excitatory and Inhibitory Synaptic Connectivity in the Rat Presubiculum. Cereb Cortex, 2017. 27:2435-2452
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• Loss of a mammalian circular RNA locus causes miRNA deregulation and affects brain function. Science, 2017. 357
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• mTORC1 activity repression by late endosomal phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate. Science, 2017. 356:968-972
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• Patrolling monocytes sense peripheral infection and induce cytokine-mediated neuronal dysfunction. Nat Med, 2017. 23:659-661
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• Retrograde transport of TrkB-containing autophagosomes via the adaptor AP-2 mediates neuronal complexity and prevents neurodegeneration. Nat Commun, 2017. 8:14819
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• Stroke-induced immunodepression and dysphagia independently predict stroke-associated pneumonia - The PREDICT study. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab, 2017. 37:3671-3682
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• When Habits Are Dangerous: Alcohol Expectancies and Habitual Decision Making Predict Relapse in Alcohol Dependence. Biol Psychiatry, 2017. 82:847-856
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• Complete suppression of Htt fibrilization and disaggregation of Htt fibrils by a trimeric chaperone complex. EMBO J, 2018. 37:282-299
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• Cortical specialization for attended versus unattended working memory. Nat Neurosci, 2018. 21:494-496
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• mHTT Seeding Activity: A Marker of Disease Progression and Neurotoxicity in Models of Huntington’s Disease. Mol Cell, 2018. 71:675-688 e676
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• Neuregulin 3 promotes excitatory synapse formation on hippocampal interneurons. EMBO J, 2018. 37
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