Project Details
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Peace as a process of communication. The Third Party of the Westphalian Peace-Congress

Subject Area Early Modern History
Term from 2017 to 2024
Project identifier Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) - Project number 393466228
 
Final Report Year 2024

Final Report Abstract

The role of the Imperial Estates at the Westphalian Peace Congress has long been underexplored in research. Although it has been fundamentally known for decades that a group of Imperial Estates emerged during the final phase of the congress as a significant factor in securing the peace, it has received little attention. This so-called Third Party of the Westphalian Peace Congress was the central interest of this research project. Using an approach grounded in the history of communication, the project particularly focused on two actors in this group who, due to their influence in the power structure of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation, were able to play a pivotal role in 1648 during the final phase of the Westphalian Peace Congress. The Electorate of Mainz and the Electorate of Bavaria, envoys and lords, were therefore the focus of the research project. On the one hand, these two actors were particularly influential among the Catholic Imperial Estates (principlists), but on the other hand, they were also found to be dominant and particularly instrumental in the negotiations within the so-called Third Party, even though this group proved to be extremely fluid overall. Owing to their negotiation skills with the help of threat points, interdenominational willingness to compromise and readiness to form and use unconventional constellations to achieve their goals, it was possible to find a path to peace. Moreover, this was accomplished in a situation where, following a period of stalemate, it seemed unlikely that the peace congress would be concluded by the great powers alone (the emperor, France, Sweden, Spain). The findings of the project clearly demonstrate the importance of some Imperial Estates, namely the Electorate of Mainz and the Electorate of Bavaria, during the final phase of the congress in securing the Peace of Westphalia, detailing the strategies they used, the individuals they cooperated with and the various contexts of their cooperation.

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