Quantifizierung von wahrgenommener Privatsphäre und Freigabeverhalten von Standortinformationen
Arbeitswissenschaft, Ergonomie, Mensch-Maschine-Systeme
Sicherheit und Verlässlichkeit, Betriebs-, Kommunikations- und verteilte Systeme
Zusammenfassung der Projektergebnisse
In the research project “Quantification of perceived location privacy, and its relationship to privacy behaviour” different methods have been explored how to quantify perceived location and data privacy and the relation to various privacy dimensions. Various crowdsourcing studies and a field experiment have been conducted to measure and evaluate the quantification methods and the privacy dimensions, privacy literacy, privacy awareness and privacy behaviour. Frequently, these types of research inquiries are addressed by assessing the significance that users place on their privacy, as determined by their Willingness to Pay (WTP) for data protection or Willingness to Accept (WTA) monetary compensation in exchange for their data. WTP and WTA are the primary measures employed to evaluate how much users value commodities in general, and as such, have been utilized in privacy research. Two different methods have been explored to measure a monetary value users assign to their location information and also other data types. Hereby, the two measures from economy have been used to quantify a monetary value users assign to a product. Whereas the Contingent Valuation method is in line with previous research, where the Endowment Effect (the gap between WTP and WTA) can be observed, the Discrete Choice Experiment method lowers the Endowment Effect to a degree, that the quantification measure is more reasonable. Overall, the results from the experiments show, that the value for willingness to accept (WTA) money in exchange for personal information is positively correlated to the privacy dimensions. This indicates if privacy awareness, privacy literacy or privacy protective behaviour increases, that also the amount of money users request in exchange for their data increases. However, for the willingness to pay (WTP) for the protection of personal information, no associations have been found between the privacy dimensions and WTP. For the analysis of privacy awareness different privacy nudges have been designed to communicate transparently to users’ potential privacy risks associated with the use of applications which are not in line with the GDPR. Hereby, a comprehensive analysis of the privacy policies of applications, their actual tracking of information (permission requests) and the compliance with the GDPR have been implemented in a Permission Manager to regulate which permissions are granted during the installation process of applications. This Permission Manager has been advanced and made visually more appealing and transparent in a follow-up study to allow for a fast processing and evaluation of the privacy risks of applications. Within the framework of the project, different datasets for the quantification of privacy for different data types and sharing scenarios have been compiled which can be used by further research to examine and explore the differences in WTP and WTA. Furthermore, the questionnaires for the privacy dimensions measured have been validated and also made available in addition to the publications submitted within this project. The findings of this research project can be used for further research in the domain of privacy economics to explore on more fine-grained approaches to examine monetary values for different data types and sharing contexts. In summary, the work and analyses carried out in the project are an important milestone on the way to the monetary assessment of privacy and privacy influencing factors.
Projektbezogene Publikationen (Auswahl)
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Willingness to Pay for the Protection of Different Data Types. In: Wienrich, C., Wintersberger, P. & Weyers, B. (Hrsg.), Mensch und Computer 2021 - Workshopband. Bonn: Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.
Schmitt, V.; Poikela, M. & Möller, S.
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Android Permission Manager, Visual Cues, and their Effect on Privacy Awareness and Privacy Literacy. Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security, 1-12. ACM.
Schmitt, Vera; Poikela, Maija & Möller, Sebastian
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Influence of Privacy Knowledge on Privacy Attitudes in the Domain of Location-Based Services. IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 118-132. Springer Nature Switzerland.
Schmitt, Vera
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Is Your Surveillance Camera App Watching You? A Privacy Analysis. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 1375-1393. Springer Nature Switzerland.
Schmitt, Vera; Nicholson, James & Möller, Sebastian
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What is Your Location Privacy Worth? Monetary Valuation of Different Location Types and Privacy Influencing Factors. Proceedings of the 16th ACM Conference on Security and Privacy in Wireless and Mobile Networks, 19-29. ACM.
Schmitt, Vera; Li, Zhenni; Poikela, Maija; Spang, Robert P. & Möller, Sebastian
